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1st Period, Life Sciences Honors > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens if cells run out of Oxygen, like during exercise?

Fixed by Mr. Birkmire

D3.2-5

A

They switch to fermentation to create ATP

Then they can not use the Electron Transport Chain to create massive amounts of ATP

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2
Q

How do plants use energy efficiently?

Fixed by Mr. B

D.3.1-7

A

Capture sunlight in light-dependent reactions when the sun shines; use stored energy in NADPH and ATP when it is dark

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3
Q

What is the rigid wall made up of cellulose that supports, protects, and holds the cells’ shape?

B3.2-3

A

Cell wall

(outer layer of a cell) It is different than a cell membrane.

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4
Q

What is the large storage tank that holds water and nutrients?

A

Central vacuole

Also controls cell’s turgitity (stiffness)

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5
Q

What are the bi-products of the light-dependent cycle?

A

O2 (oxygen) and ATP and NADPH

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6
Q

What do producers do?

A3.1-1

A

Producers harness energy from the sun to create energy-rich glucose (photosynthesis). They make their own “food” from the sun.

Plants and related organisms

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7
Q

When a plant is wilting it’s turgor pressure is…

high or low?

B3.1-3

A

Low!

Think of it like a balloon. If it has low pressure, it will be weak

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8
Q

What happens in the second step of cellular respiration?

Fixed by Mr. B

C 3.2 - 3

A

The Krebs cycle/Citric acid cycle

Pyruvate goes and gets broken down and recycled a bunch to create large amounts of NADH to go to electron transport chain

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9
Q

What are the two phases of photosynthesis, and where do they happen?

A

Light dependent (thylakoids) and light independent/dark phase/calvin cycle (stroma)

D-3.1-7

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10
Q

What are primary consumers?

A

(Herbivores) eat producers to survive.

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11
Q

What are the energy packets of sunlight called?

Fixed by Mr. B

A

Photons

F3.1-5

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12
Q

What does a decomposer do?

A

They recycle dead organic matter back into soil for plants to reuse.

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13
Q

How do plants continue to produce Glucose when there is less sunlight?

D3.1-7

A

Stored energy from previous reactions (from calvin cycle or light independent reactions) in the form of ATP and NADPH

See “Why did God make 2 different phases?”

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13
Q

What goes in the light-dependent cycle to create O2?

A

H2O; ADP/NADP+ go in to be recharged

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14
Q

What does ATP synthase do?

Fixed by Mr. B

A

It uses the passive diffusion of H+ from outside the mitochondria to convert ADP to ATP

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15
Q

What is a waste product in Alcoholic fermentation when breaking down pyruvate?

D.3.2-5

A

2 CO2

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16
Q

What is the location of photosynthesis?

B3.1-2

A

The Chloroplast

17
Q

What is the first step of photosynthesis?

A

Chlorophyll gets hit with sunlight within the thylakoids, electrons get excited by moving to a higher energy orbital

18
Q

What makes up sunlight?

Identitfy what makes up sunlight and describe what it does.

B3.1-3

A

Photons, they are used for Transmitting Energy: Photons transmit energy from one place to another and are responsible for the interactions of electromagnetic radiation with matter. For example, they carry energy from the Sun to Earth, allowing us to see and feel warmth.

19
Q

What is Glycolysis?

B3.2-2

A

Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to create ATP. At the end of glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate, generating ATP molecules and NADH molecules.

20
Q

What molecules plus sunlight and chlorophyll make 1 glucose?

Happens during photosynthesis.

E3.1-6

A

The molecules include CO2 and H20 as reactants

21
Q

Alcoholic Fermentation is used in…

D3.2-5

A

Yeast and Bacteria

22
Q

How does ATP release energy?

A

By the breaking of the Phosphate group

22
Q

What organism eats other consumers transferring solar energy up the food chain?

A3. 1-1

A

Secondary/ Teritary Consumers

23
Q

What is NAD?

C3.1-4

A

Its is an electron carrier. It will donate electrons to promote various cellular processes.

24
Q

How does ADP turn into ATP?

C 3.1 - 4

A

ADP turns to ATP by adding a phospate to ADP

A cell breaks off a phospate of ATP to use its energy, which turns it to ADP

25
Q

What are the two different phases of photosynthesis?

light-________ and light-_________

D-3.1-7

A

light dependent and light independent

26
Q

What do primary consumers eat?

A3.1-1

A

Producers

A3.1-1

27
Q

What are the three steps of cellular respiration and where do they occur?

A3.2-1

A

Glycolysis (cytoplasm), Krebs cycle (mitochondria), and the electron transport cycle (mitochondria)

28
Q

What is the purpose of the Krebs cycle

C3.2-3

A

to create lots of electron carriers(NADH)

29
Q

What is a waste product of photosynthesis?

Fixed by Mr. B

A

O2

It gets released after the spliting of H2O.

E3.1-6

30
Q

What does the calvin cycle use to create glucose?

E3.1-6

A

Carbon Dioxide

also known as CO2

E3.1-6

30
Q

What is the gas wasteproduct of alcoholic fermentation?

A

CO2

F3.2-5

31
Q

Why do we do Fermentation?

D.3.2-5

A

When we run out of Oxygen (O2) and need to create ATP

32
Q

When the hydrogen go through the ATP synthase is it active or passive transport?

E 3.2-4

A

passive transport

33
Q

Latic Acid Fermentation is used in…….

D3.2-5

A

Humans and Animals

34
Q

When the hydrogen go through mitochondrial membrane, with the electrons hopping on proteins, is it active or passive transport?

E 3.2-4

A

active transport

35
Q

What two molecules are given to the thylakoids from the calvin cycle?

E3.1-6

A

NADP+ and ADP

They get recharged

E3.1-6

36
Q

What is the light-independent phase also known as?

E3.1-6

A

Calvin Cycle

E3.1-6

37
Q

What is the discharged form of NAD

c.11 3.2-3.2

A

NADP+

38
Q

What is the charged from of NAD

C 3.2- 4

A

NADPH

1st Period, Life Sciences Honors (10 decks)

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