Exam 6 - Microbiology Flashcards
What happens in the last phase of the life cycle of viruses?
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The host cell dies, causing a bunch of new viruses to escape and go infect new host cells.
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In a petri dish, what does each dot represent?
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Each dot represents a unique colony of bacteria or fungi
What are Cilia?
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Hair-like structures that move like tiny oars on Protists like a paramecium
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What are food vacuoles?
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Little “Pockets” or vesicles that hold food inside of single-celled organisms
What is gram positive bacteria?
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It has a heavy, thick layer of peptidoglycan (cell wall) that is purple when dyed in the gram stain test
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What is the protein coat of a virus that houses nucleic acid genome (DNA or RNA) inside?
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Capsid
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What are amoeba pseudopods?
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Little arms that help amoebas catch their prey
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A jelly like substance that is rich in nutrients and helps microorganism grow. It is in petri dishes!
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Agar!!
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What can be easily manipulated by scientists or be naturally transferred between different bacteria through conjugation?
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Plasmids
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Are fungi eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
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They are eukaryotes
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What’s the difference between a Virus and Bacteriophage?
A Virus will infect Eukaryotic cells and Bacteriophage will infect Prokaryotic cell.
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What is the term for a microscopic organism the is rod shaped?
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The term is Bacillus
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What is a bacteria’s “capsule”?
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The protective, slimy layer of a bacteria cell
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Which organisms grow as fuzzy or powdry dots/colonies in a petri dish?
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Fungi
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Give some examples of organisms from this chapter that are producers
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Algae and Plankton (Types of Protists)
Producers can do photosynthesis
What category of bacteria grow in the absence of oxygen?
Anaerobic bacteria
What are bacteria called if they require oxygen to grow?
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Aerobic!!
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What is Binary Fission?
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Bacteria generally reproduce by replicating themselves and dividing; basically mitosis but for bacteria
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What is a petri dish?
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A circular plastic or glass flat container that can grow bacteira and fungi.
What is the flagellum?
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The whip-like tail or propeller on bacteria that is used for movement.
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If bacteria can be harmed or killed by oxygen, they are identified as…
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Obligate anaerobes
They NEED to grow in places without oxygen… Crazy
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What is the cell membrane?
Surrounds all cells; regulates energy and exiting materials
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What type of bacteria have a heavy, thick layer of peptidoglycan, and appear purple after a gram stain test with dyes?
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Gram-Positive
What do viruses need to reproduce?
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A host to infect and take advantage of their genetic machinery
Explain how a vaccine works
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Vaccines works by weak or dead pathogens (bad bacteria or viruses) are injected into the patient, white blood cells then are activated to produce antibodies that recognize that type of orgainsm. If the mircroorganism re-infects the person in the future, these white blood cells wil activate again and create antibodies that will help kill the invading cells!!!!
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What is the term for a microscopic organism that is spherical or round?
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The term used is Coccus
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What is the term for a microscopic organism that is coiled up in a spring shape?
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The term that is used is spirrillum
Are bacteria Eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
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Eukaryotes
Where are plasmids transferred through?
Plasmids can be transferred through direct physical contact between bacteria in a process known as conjugation, which helps bacteria share their antibiotic resistance genes with their neighbors.
