Exam 6 - Microbiology

Question 1

What happens in the last phase of the life cycle of viruses?

Fixed by Mr. B

Answer 1

The host cell dies, causing a bunch of new viruses to escape and go infect new host cells.

F6.1-4

Question 2

In a petri dish, what does each dot represent?

Fixed by Mr. B

D - 6.1 - 3

Answer 2

Each dot represents a unique colony of bacteria or fungi

Question 3

What are Cilia?

Fixed by Mr. B

C 6.1-2

Answer 3

Hair-like structures that move like tiny oars on Protists like a paramecium

C6.1-2

Question 4

What are food vacuoles?

Fixed by Mr. B

C 6.1-2

Answer 4

Little “Pockets” or vesicles that hold food inside of single-celled organisms

Question 5

What is gram positive bacteria?

A6.1-1

Answer 5

It has a heavy, thick layer of peptidoglycan (cell wall) that is purple when dyed in the gram stain test

A6.1-1

Question 6

What is the protein coat of a virus that houses nucleic acid genome (DNA or RNA) inside?

E6.1-4

Answer 6

Capsid

E6.1-4

Question 7

What are amoeba pseudopods?

f6.1-2

Answer 7

Little arms that help amoebas catch their prey

f6.1-2

Question 8

A jelly like substance that is rich in nutrients and helps microorganism grow. It is in petri dishes!

D6.1-3

Answer 8

Agar!!

D6.1-3

Question 9

What can be easily manipulated by scientists or be naturally transferred between different bacteria through conjugation?

B6.1-1

Answer 9

Plasmids

B6.1-1

Question 10

Are fungi eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

F 6.1-2

Answer 10

They are eukaryotes

F 6.1-2

Question 11

What’s the difference between a Virus and Bacteriophage?

Answer 11

A Virus will infect Eukaryotic cells and Bacteriophage will infect Prokaryotic cell.

E6.1-4

Question 12

What is the term for a microscopic organism the is rod shaped?

A6.1-1

Answer 12

The term is Bacillus

A6.1-1

Question 13

What is a bacteria’s “capsule”?

A6.1-1

Answer 13

The protective, slimy layer of a bacteria cell

A6.1-1

Question 14

Which organisms grow as fuzzy or powdry dots/colonies in a petri dish?

D6.1-3

Answer 14

Fungi

D6.1-3

Question 15

Give some examples of organisms from this chapter that are producers

Fixed by Mr. B

C 6.1-2

Answer 15

Algae and Plankton (Types of Protists)

Producers can do photosynthesis

Question 16

What category of bacteria grow in the absence of oxygen?

Answer 16

Anaerobic bacteria

Question 17

What are bacteria called if they require oxygen to grow?

D6.1-3

Answer 17

Aerobic!!

D6.1-3

Question 18

What is Binary Fission?

B6.1-1

Answer 18

Bacteria generally reproduce by replicating themselves and dividing; basically mitosis but for bacteria

B6.1-1; Creates 2 new cells identical to the parent cell, and this happens very quickly

Question 19

What is a petri dish?

D6.1-4

Answer 19

A circular plastic or glass flat container that can grow bacteira and fungi.

Question 20

What is the flagellum?

B6.1-1

Answer 20

The whip-like tail or propeller on bacteria that is used for movement.

B6.1-1

Question 21

If bacteria can be harmed or killed by oxygen, they are identified as…

D6.1-3

Answer 21

Obligate anaerobes

They NEED to grow in places without oxygen… Crazy

D6.1-3

Question 22

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 22

Surrounds all cells; regulates energy and exiting materials

A6.1-1

Question 23

What type of bacteria have a heavy, thick layer of peptidoglycan, and appear purple after a gram stain test with dyes?

B6.1-1

Answer 23

Gram-Positive

Question 24

What do viruses need to reproduce?

E6.1-4

Answer 24

A host to infect and take advantage of their genetic machinery

Question 25

Explain how a vaccine works

E6.1-4

Answer 25

Vaccines works by weak or dead pathogens (bad bacteria or viruses) are injected into the patient, white blood cells then are activated to produce antibodies that recognize that type of orgainsm. If the mircroorganism re-infects the person in the future, these white blood cells wil activate again and create antibodies that will help kill the invading cells!!!!

E6.1-4

Question 26

What is the term for a microscopic organism that is spherical or round?

A6.1-1

Answer 26

The term used is Coccus

A6.1-1

Question 27

What is the term for a microscopic organism that is coiled up in a spring shape?

A6.1-1

Answer 27

The term that is used is spirrillum

Question 28

Are bacteria Eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

C6.1-2

Answer 28

Eukaryotes

Question 29

Where are plasmids transferred through?

Answer 29

Plasmids can be transferred through direct physical contact between bacteria in a process known as conjugation, which helps bacteria share their antibiotic resistance genes with their neighbors.