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History and Modern Systems > Exam 6 questions > Flashcards

Exam 6 questions Flashcards

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1
Q

according to the SSSM, this is a general purpose process used in all domains of knowledge

A

learning

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2
Q

psychological mechanisms are designed to solve these types of problems

A

adaptive problems

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3
Q

an example of this might be sexual behavior taking on a social communication function rather than just reproductive functions

A

exaptation

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4
Q

as opposed to “inherited”, this term refers to the degree that differences across organisms in a trait are due to genetic differences in these organisms

A

heritable

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5
Q

this term refers to individual fitness plus the effect of behavior on fitness of genetic relatives

A

inclusive fitness

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6
Q

evolved adaptations are solutions to these

A

adaptive problems

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7
Q

the majority of human adaptation occurred during this era

A

pleistocene epoch

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8
Q

it is inappropriate to assume that, in order for something to be considered an adaptation, it must be present at this time in the life history

A

at birth

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9
Q

beginning 40,000 years ago, humans began to live in towns and cities because of this

A

agriculture

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10
Q

this theory on the origin of adaptations is untestable

A

seeding theory

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11
Q

as a consequence of this specific process, existing organisms will be adapted to their environment and look like they have been designed

A

natural selection

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12
Q

choosiness in mates is strongly related to sex differences in this

A

parental investment

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13
Q

this characteristic of faces is correlated with facial attractiveness

A

symmetry

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14
Q

a wide variety of these can be derived from specific evolutionary hypotheses

A

predictions

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15
Q

this is defined as a spontaneous change in the structure of a piece of DNA

A

mutation

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16
Q

behavior may not be adaptive because this may change more rapidly than the organism can evolve

A

environment

17
Q

Tooby and Cosmides say that this process is not an explanation, but a phenomenon that needs explaining

A

culture

18
Q

the brain is a physical system that functions much like this mechanical device

A

computer

19
Q

information processing by the brain frequently occurs in the absence of this, the “tip of the iceberg”

A

consciousness

20
Q

what is a possible non-adaptive explanation of female orgasm?

A

that it is simply a byproduct of male orgasm due to shared developmental stages while still in utero

21
Q

according to the outdated SSSM, what is the basic difference between humans and other animals?

A

humans are governed by culture and animals are governed by biology

22
Q

what is the major cost associated with possessing a relatively large brain?

A

a large brain requires a lot of calories to grow and maintain and it is difficult on the mother to birth (large skull, small birth canal)

23
Q

how did Williams (1966) define an adaptation?

A
  1. adaptive
  2. functional
  3. heritable
24
Q

what is canalization?

A

the name given to how people/organisms can be funneled into displaying different traits over the life course in response to different environmental events (e.g.: early puberty in girls with absent fathers)

25
Q

sex differences in this were used in class as an example of the “top-down” research strategy

A

parental investment

26
Q

what is decoupled cognition?

A

phenomenon in which it is possible to “place” oneself in the future or past instead of the here and now because we have the cognitive capacity to do so

27
Q

how is the smart phone a good analogy for the human mind?

A

they have apps that perform specific functions just like the brain does

28
Q

what’s the difference between natural and sexual selection?

A

natural selection operates on traits that make an organism more likely to survive while sexual selection operates on traits related to reproductive success (e.g.: peacock’s tail is sexually selected because it helps to attract mates)

29
Q

what is seeding theory?

A

it says that adaptations on Earth were brought/left here by an extraterrestrial source and other life forms

History and Modern Systems (11 decks)

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