Exam 5 original studying Flashcards
repressed memory therapists
they were responsible for a rash of repressed memory abuse cases in the mid-1990s
a lot based off of “The Courage to Heal” by Ellen Bass who is not an actual therapist
Freudian seduction theory
originally stated that early childhood sexual abuse would cause hysteria in adulthood but later amended and stated even fantasties of abuse in childhood would cause hysteria as well
dissociative amnesia
occurs when subject dissociates from traumatic memories and forgets them, can reappear as repressed memories
repressed memories
memories which are typically traumatic in nature but can spontaneously resurface from living or through repressed memory therapy
psychic structure
the psyche consists of the id, the ego, and the super ego
id
according to Freud, the id is the powerful, entirely unconscious portion of the personality that contains all instincts and is therefore the driving force for the entire personality
ego
according to Freud, the ego is the component of the personality that is responsible for locating events in the environment that will satisfy the needs of the id without violating the values of the superego [ego is like the self]
superego
according to Freud, the superego is the internalized values that act as a guide for a person’s conduct [like society or morality]
defense mechanisms
strategies available to the ego for dealing with the anxiety that comes from acknowledging reality - repression, projection, displacement, reaction formation, sublimation are all defense mechanisms
sumblimation
a defense mechanism used to turn psychologically threatening impulses into socially appropriate behavior
Timothy Leary
a psychologist who studied the interpersonal aspects of personality formation as well as the therapeutic use of LSD
Wilhelm Fleiss
concocted an elaborate connection between the nose and the genitals with Freud because cocaine is a hell of a drug
Fritz Perls
German psychologist who popularized clinical approach of Gestalt therapy
Elizabeth Loftus
famous researcher who proved memory as fallible and suggestible, putting repressed memories”in question - questioned therapy used to recover them as well
archetypes
according to Jung, an inherited predisposition to respond emotionally to certain categories of experience
Gestalt principles of perception
Can People See In Closets Continuity Proximity Similarity Inclusiveness Closure
continuity
the tendency to experience stimuli that follow some predictable pattern as a perceptual unit
proximity
the tendency to perceptually group together stimuli that are physically close
similarity
the tendency to perceive as units stimuli that are physically similar to one another
inclusiveness
when there is more than one figure, we are most likely to see the figure that has the greatest amount of stimuli/the thing that sticks out - this principle, when used properly, is what makes camouflage work
closure
the tendency to perceive incomplete objects as complete
Wolfgang Kohler
considered a founder of Gestalt psychology, focused on insightful learning in chimpanzees (puzzle box)
why are memories repressed, according to Freud?
repression is the holding of memories in the unconscious mind because making them conscious would cause too much anxiety
Freudian assumptions
- personality is essentially a biological function
- personality is like an energy system; hydraulics
- our unconscious selves have a major influence
- civilization is the result of widespread id repression
Kurt Lewin
an early Gestalt psychologist, had ideas on life space and field theory, energy distribution in groups, etc.q
what is the purpose of defense mechanisms, according to Freud?
they are unconscious methods of dealing with the anxiety-provoking aspects of reality
rather than sex, what do existential psychologists claim are repressed thoughts?
thoughts of death are repressed
criticisms of Freud
- method of data collection is flawed
- his terms aren’t and can’t be operationally defined
- too dogmatic
- sex is overemphaasized
- there’s a self-fulfilling prophecy
- psychoanalysis is lengthy, costly, and ineffective
- there’s a lack of falsifiability
Albert Camus
absurdist existential philosopher/novelist, focused on the psychological importance of of death in the “Myth of Sisyphus”
Aspects of Insightful Learning [Kohler]
1) solution is arrived at suddenly and completely
2) performance is smooth and free of errors
3) solution retained for a long time
4. principle learned is easily generalized
differences between neo-Freudians and Freudians
1) emphasized ego and self (conscious elements)
2) social and interpersonal causes of behavior
3) more post-adolescent development
4) role of culture and society
Gestalt therapy focus
demands the client’s focus be on the here and now
transpositional learning
organisms learn principles of relationships and once learned, the organism applies it to other, similar situations (Kohler’s chickens)
Names of various neo-Freudians
Anna Freud, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, Karen Horney, Erik Erikson
What are the three forces of psychology?
- behaviorism
- psychodynamics/Freud
- humanistic
What is the basic problem with descriptions of the likely indicators/symptoms of abuse frequently given by RMT “clinicians”?
they’re very common symptoms that could be caused by a variety of things completely unrelated to possible repressed memories of past abuse
existential anxiety
the feeling that results from confronting the unknown, in contemplating death or in making choices that change life circumstances. one cannot live an authentic life without experiencing anxiety
Freud vs Jung on unconscious
Freud was all about the personal unconscious while Jung was concerned with the collective unconscious
