Exam 3 original studying

Question 1

modularity

Answer 1

also known as localization of function, this is the modern one word term that characterizes the brain

Question 2

Kant

Answer 2

laid the groundwork (together with Darwin’s science) for early research in experimental psychology

Question 3

Edward Lee Thorndike

Answer 3

user of cats in puzzle boxes to study learning and came up with law of exercise and law of effect

Question 4

innate mental processes

Answer 4

emphasized by Germans over sensory-based associations

Question 5

Weber’s Law

Answer 5

change in R over R equals K, as defined by Fechner’s Formula… just noticeable differences correspond to a constant proportion of a standard stimulus

Question 6

doctrine of specific nerve energies

Answer 6

each sensory nerve, no matter how it is stimulated, releases an energy specific to that nerve - found by Johannes Muller as an expansion of the Bell-Magendie Law

Question 7

Bell-Magendie Law

Answer 7

there are two types of nerves: sensory nerves that carry impulses to brain and motor nerves that carry impulses from brain to body muscles and glands

Question 8

basic science

Answer 8

like physics or psychology, these are the building blocks of their applied fields; civil engineering and mental health practice, respectively

Question 9

phrenology

Answer 9

pseudoscience examining cranial bumps for correlates in personality, developed by Franz Gall

Question 10

G.T. Fechner

Answer 10

expanded Weber’s Law by showing that, for just noticeable differences to vary arithmetically, the magnitude of a stimulus must vary geometrically

Question 11

Pierre Flourens

Answer 11

pioneered extirpation (taking brain regions offline to see what did what) and didn’t find evidence for localization of function but that’s because he sucked and didn’t work stereotaxically

Question 12

pragmatism

Answer 12

“if an idea works, then it is valid” [James] the belief that usefulness is the best criterion for determining the validity of an idea

Question 13

resonance place theory

Answer 13

Helmholtz’s theory of auditory perception; hair cells in basilar membrane are stimulated by different frequencies of a sound; think of cochlea and different points at which different frequencies hit

Question 14

Hermann von Helmholtz

Answer 14

monumental scientific thinker, pioneered work in areas of nerve conduction, sensation, perception, color vision, and much, much, more for ONLY $19.95.

Question 15

What would a functionalist say is the purpose of consciousness?

Answer 15

to aid an organism in adapting to the environment

Question 16

unconscious inference

Answer 16

aka perceptual adaptation, this is the process by which remnants of past experience are added to sensations, thereby converting them into perceptions (e.g.: “one time I pet a dog and it felt just like what I feel now so this is likely a dog again”)

Question 17

thorazine

Answer 17

a medication, popular in the 1950s which causes a chemical lobotomy

Question 18

mental illness and personal wellbeing

Answer 18

recent focuses of psychology and only a small sample of possible applications of a broad field

Question 19

Paul Broca

Answer 19

found evidence that part of the left frontal lobe of the cortex is specialized for speech production or articulation

Question 20

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 20

cannot produce speech

Question 21

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 21

cannot comprehend speech

Question 22

stream of consciousness

Answer 22

coined by James, used to describe contention that consciousness is continuous and constantly changing - it is a process

Question 23

stereotaxic instruments

Answer 23

used when lesioning laboratory animals for purposes of psychological research

Question 24

Bell-Magendie Law

Answer 24

law based on discovery that there are separate aspects of nervous system devoted to sensory and motor activity

Question 25

aphasia

Answer 25

language and speech abnormality produced by brain damage

Question 26

Thorndike’s conclusions

Answer 26

1. Learning is incremental
2. Learning occurs automatically
3. Principles of learning may be applied to all mammals

Question 27

Human voice preference

Answer 27

before a female begins puberty, she will prefer males with higher tones of voice. After puberty, she will prefer males with lower tones of voice (adaptive value of hearing)

Question 28

William James on the empirical self (three parts)

Answer 28

1. the material self is things you could call your own
2. the social self is the self known by others
3. the spiritual self is your subjective reality

Question 29

What is a possible adaptive function of color vision?

Answer 29

to see that fresher foods are brighter and better-looking than their rotten counterparts

Question 30

psychosurgery

Answer 30

surgery done on the brain to treat a mental disorder, like a lobotomy

Question 31

vitalism

Answer 31

the view that life cannot be reduced to purely physical processes - there is some further, immeasurable life force

Question 32

how is “risk of conception” understood by men

Answer 32

i don’t fucking know, men rated fertile women as having more attractive voices, this is how men are attuned to fertility?

Question 33

Law of Effect

Answer 33

1. associations followed by reward are strengthened

2. associations followed by punishment are weakened

Question 34

Law of Exercise

Answer 34

1. the more something is practiced, the stronger the neural connections will be
2. if something is not practiced, the neural connection will break down

Question 35

Hugo Munsterberg

Answer 35

applied psychological principles to clinical, forensic, and industrial psychology; father of I/O psych and forensic psych because he applied principles to legal matters and the workplace