Exam 3 questions

Question 1

Helmholtz postulated that there were three different types of these on the retina

Answer 1

color receptors

Question 2

Use of this drug was often referred to as a “chemical lobotomy”

Answer 2

thorazine

Question 3

What is Weber’s Law?

Answer 3

change in R over R equals K

Question 4

Functionalism was heavily influenced by William James, who was himself heavily influenced by this evolutionary scientist

Answer 4

Darwin

Question 5

Flourens developed this procedure in his experimental work in sensation and perception

Answer 5

extirpation

Question 6

This Hungarian psychiatrist believed that it is inappropriate to label many aspects of behavior as “mental illnesses”

Answer 6

Thomas Szasz

Question 7

The field of psychophysics originated in this century

Answer 7

nineteenth

Question 8

Helmholtz rejected this view that holds that you cannot completely understand the mind by reducing it to its physical properties

Answer 8

vitalism

Question 9

James used this phrase to describe his contention that consciousness was continuous and constantly changing

Answer 9

stream of consciousness

Question 10

Psychologists from this country have tended to assume the existence of innate mental processes in their concept of mind

Answer 10

Germany

Question 11

This individual was the first to apply psychological principles to legal matters

Answer 11

Munsterberg

Question 12

In Fechner’s formula for Weber’s Law, what does R (reiz) stand for?

Answer 12

standard stimulus

Question 13

As a major “system” of psychology, functionalism was mostly opposed to this other major “system”

Answer 13

structuralism

Question 14

Thorndike used this device to investigate systematically trial-and-error learning

Answer 14

puzzle box

Question 15

According to James, an individual has many of these types of “selves”

Answer 15

empirical

Question 16

This individual pioneered the use of extirpation in brain research

Answer 16

Flourens

Question 17

According to Thorndike, one part of this law states that when an association is followed by a “satisfying state of affairs” it is strenghthened

Answer 17

law of effect

Question 18

This discipline can be described as the scientific examination of how sensory stimulation is systematically related to conscious experience

Answer 18

psychophysics

Question 19

James described this as the “I” that knows the “me”

Answer 19

self as knower

Question 20

This individual founded the pseudoscience of phrenology

Answer 20

Franz Gall

Question 21

What does it mean to say the mind is modular?

Answer 21

The brain is characterized by localization of function; there are different parts and systems in the brain that do different things

Question 22

What analogy was used in class to help demonstrate the relationship between basic and applied psychology?

Answer 22

Physics is to civil engineering what psychology is to mental health care; physics and psychology are the basic sciences and civil engineering and mental health care are possible applications of them

Question 23

How did William James define self esteem?

Answer 23

self esteem equals actions resulting in success over actions attempted; essentially an equation between sucesses and attempts at achievement

Question 24

What is the Bell-Magendie Law?

Answer 24

specific sensory nerves carry impulses to the brain and other motor nerves carry impulses from the brain to muscles and glands in the body

Question 25

According to Helmholtz, what is the difference between sensation and perception?

Answer 25

Sensation is the raw elements of conscious experience (like sound waves and light) whereas perception is actually sensations after they are given meaning by one’s past experience

Question 26

In psychophysics, what is meant by a just noticeable difference?

Answer 26

it’s the least “amount” of a stimulus necessary to be able to perceive what there has been a change in the stimulus

Question 27

What are three of the five aspects of consciousness according to James?

Answer 27

1) Consciousness is personal
2) Consciousness is continuous, not discrete (it’s not a thing, it’s a process)
3) Consciousness is constantly changing
4) Consciousness is selective (as in spotlight consciousness where we can only pay attention to one thing at a time or floodlight consciousness in which we are aware of many things at once)
5) Consciousness is functional; it’s purpose is to aid the individual in adapting to the environment

Question 28

What were two types of aphasia that were discussed in class with regards to language deficits?

Answer 28

Wernicke’s aphasia

Broca’s aphasia

Question 29

What did James mean by “the material self”?

Answer 29

The material self is everything you can call your own (e.g: my coffee, my friends, etc.)

Question 30

What is a stereotaxic instrument?

Answer 30

a surgical device used on laboratory animals to hold them still and deliver precise lesions to the brain