Exam 3 questions Flashcards
Helmholtz postulated that there were three different types of these on the retina
color receptors
Use of this drug was often referred to as a “chemical lobotomy”
thorazine
What is Weber’s Law?
change in R over R equals K
Functionalism was heavily influenced by William James, who was himself heavily influenced by this evolutionary scientist
Darwin
Flourens developed this procedure in his experimental work in sensation and perception
extirpation
This Hungarian psychiatrist believed that it is inappropriate to label many aspects of behavior as “mental illnesses”
Thomas Szasz
The field of psychophysics originated in this century
nineteenth
Helmholtz rejected this view that holds that you cannot completely understand the mind by reducing it to its physical properties
vitalism
James used this phrase to describe his contention that consciousness was continuous and constantly changing
stream of consciousness
Psychologists from this country have tended to assume the existence of innate mental processes in their concept of mind
Germany
This individual was the first to apply psychological principles to legal matters
Munsterberg
In Fechner’s formula for Weber’s Law, what does R (reiz) stand for?
standard stimulus
As a major “system” of psychology, functionalism was mostly opposed to this other major “system”
structuralism
Thorndike used this device to investigate systematically trial-and-error learning
puzzle box
According to James, an individual has many of these types of “selves”
empirical
This individual pioneered the use of extirpation in brain research
Flourens
According to Thorndike, one part of this law states that when an association is followed by a “satisfying state of affairs” it is strenghthened
law of effect
This discipline can be described as the scientific examination of how sensory stimulation is systematically related to conscious experience
psychophysics
James described this as the “I” that knows the “me”
self as knower
This individual founded the pseudoscience of phrenology
Franz Gall
What does it mean to say the mind is modular?
The brain is characterized by localization of function; there are different parts and systems in the brain that do different things
What analogy was used in class to help demonstrate the relationship between basic and applied psychology?
Physics is to civil engineering what psychology is to mental health care; physics and psychology are the basic sciences and civil engineering and mental health care are possible applications of them
How did William James define self esteem?
self esteem equals actions resulting in success over actions attempted; essentially an equation between sucesses and attempts at achievement
What is the Bell-Magendie Law?
specific sensory nerves carry impulses to the brain and other motor nerves carry impulses from the brain to muscles and glands in the body
According to Helmholtz, what is the difference between sensation and perception?
Sensation is the raw elements of conscious experience (like sound waves and light) whereas perception is actually sensations after they are given meaning by one’s past experience
In psychophysics, what is meant by a just noticeable difference?
it’s the least “amount” of a stimulus necessary to be able to perceive what there has been a change in the stimulus
What are three of the five aspects of consciousness according to James?
1) Consciousness is personal
2) Consciousness is continuous, not discrete (it’s not a thing, it’s a process)
3) Consciousness is constantly changing
4) Consciousness is selective (as in spotlight consciousness where we can only pay attention to one thing at a time or floodlight consciousness in which we are aware of many things at once)
5) Consciousness is functional; it’s purpose is to aid the individual in adapting to the environment
What were two types of aphasia that were discussed in class with regards to language deficits?
Wernicke’s aphasia
Broca’s aphasia
What did James mean by “the material self”?
The material self is everything you can call your own (e.g: my coffee, my friends, etc.)
What is a stereotaxic instrument?
a surgical device used on laboratory animals to hold them still and deliver precise lesions to the brain
