Exam 6 Lower Extremity 62X Flashcards by Christopher Waller

What are the observable features of the leg from the posterior?

Gastrocneumius
Soleus
Great Saphenous Vein
Calcaneal Tendon

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The Gastrocnemius and Soleus Muscles insert into the Calcaneus via what?

Calcaneal (Achilles) Tendon

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What vein is the more medial of the two and travels anterior to the medial malleolus and ascends on the medial leg and thigh to terminate in the femoral vein?

Great Saphenous vein

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What vein is the more lateral of the two and travels posterior to the lateral malleolus and ascends on the posterior leg to terminate in the popliteal vein?

Lesser Saphenous Vein

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What are the names of the compartments that make up the leg?

Anterior Compartment
Lateral Compartment
Posterior Compartment

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Which compartment of the leg is responsible for Dorsiflexion at the ankle, inversion and supination of the foot, Extension of the toes and is innervated by the Deep Fibular Nerve?

Anterior Compartment

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What is Supination of the foot?

Combination of Inversion and plantarflexion and adduction

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What compartment of the leg provides for weak plantarflexion, eversion and pronation of the foot, and is innervated by the Superficial Fibular Nerve?

Lateral Compartment

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What is Pronation of the foot?

Combination of eversion, dorsiflexion and abduction

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The Posterior compartment provides for what movements of the ankle and foot and is innervated y what?

Plantarflexion of ankle
Flexion of toes
Innervated: Tibial Nerve

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What Muscles make up the Anterior Compartment and innervated by what nerve?

Muscles:
-Tibialis Anterior
-Extensor Hallucis Longus
-Extensor Digitorum Longus
-Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius
Innervated:
-Deep Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve

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What hold the tendons of the muscles of the anterior compartment firmly to the ankle?

Thickenings of Deep Fascia:

Superior Extensor Retinaculum (Transverse Ligament of the Ankle)
Inferior Extensor Retinaculum (Cruciate Ligament of the Ankle)

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What is the Origin and Insertion of the Tibialis Anterior?

Origin: Tibia (Interosseous Membrane)
Insertion: First Cuneiform and First Metatarsal

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What is the action and innervation of the Tibialis Anterior muscle?

Action: Dorsiflexes Foot at Ankle and Inverts Foot
Innervation: Deep Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve

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What is the Origin and Insertion of the Extensor Hallucis Longus?

Origin: Fibula (Adjacent Interosseous membrane)
Insertion: Distal Phalanx of great toe (Dorsal Surface)

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What is the action and innervation of the Extensor Hallucis Longus?

Action: Extends great toe and Dorsiflexes foot at ankle
Innervation: Deep Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve

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What is the origin and insertion of the Extensor Digitorum Longus?

Origin: Tibia, Fibula (interosseous membrane)
Insertion: Toes 2-5 (dorsal surface) ((Middle and distal phalanges))

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What is the action and innervation of the Extensor Digitorum Longus?

Action: Extend Toes 2-5 and Dorsiflexes foot at ankle
Innervation: Deep Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve

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What is the origin and insertion of the Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius Muscle?

Origin: Fibular (Interosseous membrane)
Insertion: Fifth Metatarsal (base of fifth metatarsal)

What is the action and innervation of the Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius Muscle?

Action: Dorsiflexes and everts the foot (in conjunction w/extensor digitorum longus)
Innervation: Deep Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve

What are the muscles that make-up the lateral compartment of the leg, what innervates them, and what movement do they provide?

Muscles:
-Fibularis (peroneus) longus
-Fibularis (peroneus) brevis
Innervated: Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
Movement: Plantar Flex and Evert the Foot

What is the origin and insertion of the Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus Muscle?

Origin: Fibula
Insertion: First Metatarsal and First Cuneiform (Medial, plantar foot)

What is the Action and Innervation of the Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus Muscle?

Action: Everts Foot and Plantar Flexes Foot at Ankle (Helps support transverse arch of foot)
Innervation: Superficial Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve

The tendon of what muscle crosses the sole of the foot and inserts on the base of the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform?

Tendon of Fibularis Longus

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis Muscle?

Origin: Fibula Insertion: Base of 5th metatarsal (Lateral, Plantar foot)

What is the action and innervation of the Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis Muscle?

Action: Everts Foot and Plantar Flexes foot at Ankle Innervation: Superficial Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve

What Muscle has its insertion on the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal?

Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis Muscle

What two muscles are antagonistic muscle, one inserts on the dorsal aspect of the base of the first metatarsal and first cuneiform bone and the other inserts on the plantar aspect of the base of the first metatarsal and first cuneiform bones? What movement do they provide?

Tibialis Anterior: Dorsiflexes foot | Fibularis Longus: Plantar flexes foot

The Posterior Compartment of the leg is further divided into what two groups?

Deep Group and Superficial Group

The Superficial Group of muscles share a common tendon of insertion, called what and inserts into what?

Calcaneal (Achilles) Tendon inserts into Calcaneus

Innervation of the Deep and Superficial group is provided by what nerve?

Tibial Nerve

What is the Origin and insertion of the Gastrocnemius Muscle of the Superficial Group of the Posterior compartment?

- Origin: Lateral and Medial Femoral Condyles - Insertion: Two Heads unite into Broad aponeurosis--> unites w/Deep Tendon of Soleus to form Calcaneal (Achilles) Tendon, INSERTING on Posterior Calcaneal surface

What is the action and innervation of the Gastrocnemius Muscle?

- Action: Plantar Flexes foot at Ankle and Flexes leg at knee - Innervation: Tibial Nerve

What is the Origin and insertion of the Soleus Muscle of the Superficial group of the Posterior compartment of the leg?

Origin: Tibia and Fibula Insertion: Unites w/Gastrocnemius aponeurosis to form Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon, inserting on Posterior Calcaneal surface

What is the action, innervation, and arterial supply of the Soleus Muscle?

Action: Plantar Flexes foot at Ankle Innervation: Tibial Nerve Arterial Supply: Sural Branches of Popliteal Artery

What are some terms in which the Muscles Gastrocnemius and Soleus are referred to in combination since they have a common insertion into the calcaneus and form a major part of the muscle of the posterior portion of the leg?

Triceps Surae (Calf, L. Sura)

What is the origin and insertion of the Plantaris Muscle of the Superficial group of the Posterior compartment of the leg?

Origin: Femur Insertion: Calcaneus

What is the action and innervation of the Plantaris Muscle?

- Action: Plantar Flexes foot at Ankle and Flexes leg at knee - Innervation: Tibial Nerve

What is the origin and insertion of the popliteus muscle of the deep group of the Posterior compartment of the leg?

Origin: Femur Insertion: Tibia (Just superior to popliteal line)

What is the action and innervation of the Popliteus Muscle?

- Action: Rotates Knee Medially and Flexes leg on the thigh | - Innervation: Tibial Nerve

What is the origin and insertion of the Tibialis Posterior of the deep group of the posterior compartment of the leg?

- Origin: Tibia - Insertion: Plantar tarsals and metatarsals of the foot (Proximal plantar bone of foot) ((2nd, 3rd, 4th, metatarsals; navicular; cuneiforms; cuboid))

What is the action and innervation of the Tibialis Posterior Muscle?

Action: Plantar Flexes foot at ankle and Inverts Foot Innervation: Tibial Nerve

What is the origin and insertion of the Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle of the deep group of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Origin: Tibia Insertion: Plantar Surface of Toes 2-5 ((Distal Phalanges))

What is the action and innervation of the Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle?

Action: Flexes toes 2-5 and Plantar flexes foot innervation: Tibial Nerve

What is the origin and insertion of the Flexor Hallucis Longus of the deep groups of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Origin: Fibula Insertion: Plantar Surface of great toe ((Distal phalanx))

What is the action and innervation of the Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle?

- Action: Flexes Great Toe and Plantar flexes foot at ankle ((weakly)) - Innervation: Tibial Nerve

The Popliteal artery divides into what two arteries at the border of what?

Anterior Tibial Artery Posterior Tibial Artery -AT the Inferior Border of Popliteus