Exam 6 Lower Extremity 60X Flashcards
Name the Regions of the Lower Extremity?
-Gluteal
-Thigh (Femoral)
-Knee
(Patellar: Anterior)
(Popliteal: Posterior)
-Leg (Crural)
(Anterior)
(Calf: Sural)
-Foot (Pedal)
The Pelvic girdle is attached to the vertebral column via what joint?
Sacroiliac Joints
What bones make up the Hip (os coxae)?
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
In the late teens/early 20s the Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis bones fuse to form a single bone called?
Os Coxae (AKA Innominate Bone)
What surface marker on the posterior marks the position of the posterior superior iliac spines and are typically more visible in women?
Skin Dimples
The Pelvic Girdle/Bony Pelvis is comprised of which bones?
- Innominate Bones (2) (os coxae)
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
What is the name of the anterior joint where the Hip (Coxal) Bones unite called?
Pubis Symphysis
The hip bones unite posteriorly with the sacrum to form what joint?
Sacroiliac Joints
What does the term pelvis mean?
Basin
What consists of complete ring composed of hip bones, pubic symphysis, and sacrum?
Bony Pelvis
What portion of the Bony Pelvis is the false (greater) pelvis?
Portion of bony pelvis superior to the pelvic brim
What portion of the bony pelvis is the true (lesser) pelvis?
Portion of bony pelvis inferior to the pelvic brim
What organs are contained within the pelvic cavity?
- Urinary Bladder
- Portion of Large Intestine
- Internal Organs of reproductive System
What are the differences seen in the female Pelvis compared to a males? (as seen anteriorly)
Female:
- False Pelvis shallow
- Pelvic Brim (inlet) larger and more oval
- Acetabulum smaller and anteriorly rotated
- Obturator foramen oval
- Pubic arch >90 degrees
What are the differences seen in the female Pelvis compared to a males? (as seen laterally)
Female:
- Iliac crest less curved
- Ilium less vertical
- Greater sciatic notch wide
- Coccyx more movable and more curved anteriorly
- Sacrum shorter and wider
What are the differences seen in the female Pelvis compared to a males? (as seen inferiorly)
Female:
- Pelvic outlet wider
- Ischial tuberosity shorter, farther apart, more medially projecting
Give Term: An abnormality of the hip in which the angle between the top of the femur and the femoral shaft is smaller than normal.
Coxa Vara
Give Term: An abnormality of the hip in which the angle between the top of the femur and the femoral shaft is larger than normal?
Coxa Valga
What reasons cause the angle of inclination of the femur to vary?
- Age
- Sex
- Development of Femur
- Pathological Processes (I.e. Ricketts)
Give the names and number of bones for each that make up the foot?
Tarsals (7) -Talus -Calcaneus -Navicular -Cuboid -Cuneiforms (3) Metatarsals (5) Phalanges (14)
What are the names of the two (3 technically) arches that the bones of the foot are arranged?
-Longitudinal Arch
Medial part
Lateral part
-Transverse Arch
What are the functions of the arches?
- Weight distribution in the foot
- Leverage while walking
- Shock absorber
The medial part of the longitudinal arch originates where in the foot and is made up of which bones?
Originates: Calcaneus Rise to: Talus Descends through: -Navicular -Cuneiforms (3) -1st, 2nd, 3rd metatarsals to the head
The lateral part of the longitudinal arch originates where in the foot and is made up of what bones?
Originates: Calcaneus
Rises: Cuboid
Descends through:
4th and 5th metatarsals to the head
What forms the Transverse arch?
Cuboid
Cuneiforms (3)
1-5 Metatarsals at the base
What is the normal weight distribution between the ball of the foot and heel? (%)
Ball: 40%
Heel: 60%
What structure provides a tight fighting sleeve of support for upright posture, forms compartments, connects “skin” to bone, and is deep to subcutaneous tissue?
Fascia
What are the names of three of the fascia found within the lower extremity?
- Fascia lata/Iliotibial band
- Crural fascia
- Retinacula
What is the name of the deep fascia of the thigh that has superior attachment to the inguinal ligament and inferior to medial part of inguinal ligament opening for passage of saphenous vein to enter femoral vein? What is the name of the opening?
Fascia Lata
Opening: Saphenous Hiatus
The lateral thickening of the fascia lata attaches distally to the lateral tibial condyle and consists of the insertion of the gluteus maximus and tensory fasciae latae muscles, what is this called?
Iliotibial Tract
What arise within the Iliotibial tract?
Septa dividing the three compartments
What is the deep fascia of the leg called?
Crural Fascia
What is the attachment of the Crural Fascia?
Anterior and Medial Borders of Tibia
Continuous with periosteum
The Crural intermuscular septa and interosseous membrane divide the leg into how many compartments?
3
What does the thickening of the Crural fascia near the ankle form?
Extensor Retinacula
The Abdominal Aorta divides into what arteries and at what level does this occur?
R and L Common Iliac
At: 4th Lumbar Vertebra
What is the name of the primary artery of the pelvis, supplying the pelvic viscera and perineum?
Internal Iliac artery
The Internal Iliac artery supplies the superior portions of the lower limb via what?
Gluteal arteries and Obturator artery
The External Iliac becomes what artery distal to the inguinal ligament?
Femoral Artery
The Femoral Artery becomes what artery distal to the adductor hiatus?
Popliteal Artery
The Popliteal Artery will divide into what arteries?
Anterior Tibial Artery
Posterior Tibial Artery
The Anterior and Posterior Tibial arteries will become what arteries?
-Anterior Tibial Artery Dorsalis Pedis -Posterior Tibial Artery Medial Plantar Artery Lateral Plantar Artery
What superficial venous vein is formed by the union of the dorsal vein of the great toe and dorsal venous arch?
Great Saphenous Vein
Where does the Great Saphenous Vein run?
- Ascends anterior to medial malleolus
- Passes posterior to medial condyle of femur
What accompanies the Great Saphenous Vein ?
Saphenous Nerve
The Great Saphenous Vein frequently forms anastomoses with what vessel and empties into what vein?
Anastomoses:
-Small Saphenous Vein
Empties:
-Femoral Vein
What vessel is formed by the union of the Dorsal Vein of the Small Toe and the Dorsal Venous Arch?
Small Saphenous Vein
The Small Saphenous Vein travels where?
-Ascends posterior to lateral malleolus
What accompanies the Small Saphenous vein and what does it empty into?
Accompanies:
Sural Nerve
Empties:
-Popliteal Vein in the Popliteal Fossa
What purpose do Perforating veins serve?
- Interconnect superficial and deep veins
- Contain valves that allow blood to flow from superficial to deep veins
- Permits Saphenous vein to remain constant size