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A&P I IPAP 3-17 > Exam 4 Regional Anatomy; Back, Abdomen > Flashcards

Exam 4 Regional Anatomy; Back, Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the superficial group of muscles that produce and control limb movements and intermediate group of muscles involved in respiration?

A

Extrinsic Back Muscles

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2
Q

What group of muscles in the back are considered the true back muscles because they specifically act on vertebral column, producing its movements and maintaining posture?

A

Intrinsic Back Muscles

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3
Q

What are the superficial back muscles?

A
  • Trapezius
  • Levator Scapulae
  • Rhomboideus (Minor and Major)
  • Latissimus dorsi
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4
Q

This group of intermediate back muscles is comprised of superficial respiratory muscles?

A

Serratus Posterior Group

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5
Q

What is the location on the back of the Serratus posterior group?

A
  • Serratus Posterior Superior: Deep to Rhomboids, under scapula
  • Serratus Posterior Inferior: Deep to Latissimus Dorsi
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6
Q

What are the Serratus muscles innervated by?

A

Spinal Intercostal Nerves

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7
Q

What function does the Serratus Posterior Superior serve?

A

Elevates Rib Cage: Important in Inspiration

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8
Q

What function does the Serratus Posterior Inferior serve?

A

Depresses lower four ribs: Important in forceful expiration

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9
Q

Which dermatome is the most superior and does not supply the upper limb?

A

T1

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10
Q

What forms the Thorax?

A
  • Ribs: 12 Pairs
  • Sternum
  • Costal Cartilages
  • Thoracic Vertebrae: 12
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11
Q

What provides attachment points for muscles of the neck, thorax, upper limbs, abdomen, and back?

A

Thoracic Cage

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12
Q

What is comprised of the thoracic cage, and associated skin, muscles, and fascia?

A

Thoracic Wall

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13
Q

This protects the contents of the thoracic cavity (Heart and Lungs) and some abdominal organs (Liver, Spleen)?

A

Thoracic Wall

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14
Q

Name the externally visible features of the thoracic wall?

A
  • Jugular Notch (Suprasternal Notch)
  • Clavicles
  • Pectoralis Major
  • Serratus Anterior
  • Costal Arch of ribs 7-10
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15
Q

This group of thoracic wall muscles are generally considered to be upper limb muscles and are anterior thoracic muscles or axial muscles that produce and control limb movements?

A

Thoracoappendicular Muscles

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16
Q

What are the three layers of the Intercostal Muscles?

A 
External Intercostal (Outer)
Internal Intercostal (Middle)
Innermost Intercostal (Inner)
also on anterior aspect Transversus Thoracis
On posterior aspect Subcostal
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17
Q

Which Intercostal Muscles elevate the rib cage (Inspiration)?

A

External Intercostal Muscles

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18
Q

Which intercostal muscles travel obliquely downward lateral to medial?

A

External Intercostal Muscles

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19
Q

Which intercostal muscles are oriented at right angles to external intercostal muscle (up and in)?

A

Internal Intercostal Muscles

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20
Q

Which intercostal muscles depress the rib cage important for forced expiration?

A

Internal Intercostal Muscles

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21
Q

These intercostal muscles originate from the sternum and insert on the cartilage of ribs 2-6?

A

Transverse Thoracis (Depress the ribs)

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22
Q

Name the muscles of Inhalation?

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Scalene
External Intercostal
Diaphragm

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23
Q

Name the muscles of Exhalation?

A 
Internal Intercostal
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus abdominis
Rectus Abdominis
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24
Q

These intercostal muscles bride two intercostal spaces?

A

Subcostal

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25
Q

Which nerves supply the thoracic wall?

A

Thoracic Spinal Nerves: 12 Pairs

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26
Q

What do the Thoracic Spinal Nerves do upon leaving the Intervertebral Foramina?

A

Divide: Anterior Rami and Posterior Rami

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27
Q

The Anterior rami of nerves T1-T11 form what?

A

Intercostal Nerves

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28
Q

The Posterior rami supply what?

A

Joints, Muscles, and Skin of the back in the thoracic region

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29
Q

The intercostal muscles are innervated by what?

A

Segmental Intercostal Nerves

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30
Q

The Serratus Anterior Muscle is innervated by what?

A

Brachial Plexus (Long Thoracic Nerve)

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31
Q

The entire motor supply for the diaphragm is provided by which nerve?

A

Phrenic Nerve (R and L provides for half of diaphragm)

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32
Q

The Phrenic Nerve also supplies what for the diaphragm?

A

Sensory Fibers (Pain and Proprioception)

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33
Q

The Phrenic Nerve arises from where?

A

Cervical Plexus nerve roots of C3, C4, C5

34
Q

Name the Cutaneous nerves that supply the thoracic wall?

A
  • Upper Thoracic Intercostal Nerves
  • Intercostal Brachial Nerve
  • Supraclavicular Nerves (From Cervical Plexus)
35
Q

The Upper Thoracic Intercostal Nerves that supply the thoracic wall are divided into what two branches?

A
  • Anterior Cutaneous Branch

- Lateral Cutaneous Branch

36
Q

This large lateral cutaneous branch of the 2nd intercostal nerve supplies the ski and subcutaneous tissue of the axilla, then merges w/ medial brachial cutaneous nerve to supply the medial and posterior surfaces of the arm?

A

Intercostal Brachial Nerve

37
Q

Which spinal nerves provide cutaneous innervation of the thoracic wall, arising from the dorsal roots?

A

C5 and T1-T6 (Dermatomes of the Thorax)

38
Q

The majority of the thorax is supplied by which spinal nerves?

A

T2-T6

39
Q

Which Spinal nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the thoracic wall and also provide innervation to the upper limbs ?

A

C5 and T1

40
Q

Name the Landmarks of the dermatomes C5, T1, T4, T7, and T10?

A
  • C5: Jugular (Suprasternal) Notch
  • T1: Inferior to Jugular Notch down anterior portion of arm
  • T4: Nipples
  • T7: Xiphoid Process
  • T10: Umbilicus
41
Q

The Posterior intercostal arteries arise from where and travel toward?

A

Aorta and travel toward the anterior thorax

42
Q

What artery branches from the Posterior intercostal artery?

A

Lateral Cutaneous Branch

43
Q

What artery is a branch of the subclavian and supplies the thorax?

A

Internal Thoracic Artery

44
Q

The Internal Thoracic artery gives rise to what artery and anastomoses with what artery?

A

Gives Rise: Anterior Intercostal Artery

Anastomoses: Posterior Intercostal Arteries

45
Q

The Anterior Intercostal Artery gives rise to what other artery?

A

Perforating Cutaneous Branches (Supplies the skin)

46
Q

What artery lies near the lateral boarder of the sternum and descends deep to costal cartilages?

A

Internal Thoracic Artery

47
Q

What are the terminal branches of the Internal Thoracic Artery?

A
  • Musculophrenic Artery

- Superior Epigastric Artery

48
Q

Each side of the thoracic wall has how many anterior and Posterior Veins? (They anastamose with each other)

A

11 Posterior
11 Anterior
(Lie most superior in the costal grooves)

49
Q

Where does the costal groove begin and what is the function?

A

Near Tubercle on body of the rib.

-Provides some protection for intercostal nerve and vessels

50
Q

What is the Costal Angle?

A

Abrupt Change in curvature of the shaft of the rib

51
Q

The Anterior intercostal veins are tributaries of what veins?

A

Internal Thoracic Vein

52
Q

Where do most posterior intercostal veins end?

A

Azygos/hemiazygos Venous System

53
Q

What vein is inferior to the 12th rib on each side?

A

Subcostal Vein

54
Q

What vessels are Venae Comitantes within the Thoracic wall?

A

Internal Thoracic Veins and Arteries

55
Q

Where do most of the superficial lymphatic vessels that are superior to the umbilicus drain?

A

Axillary Lymph Nodes

56
Q

Where else might superficial lymphatic vessels drain that are superior to the umbilicus?

A

Parasternal and Anterior Diaphragmatic Lymph nodes

57
Q

Where do Superficial lymph nodes inferior to the umbilicus drain?

A

Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes

58
Q

What order do the vessels and nerves run in within the intercostal space? Superior to Inferior

A

Vein
Artery
Nerve
(VAN)

59
Q

What portion of the Diaphragm moves and what portion is fixed?

A

Central portion moves

Periphery is fixed (Origin)

60
Q

The sternal part of the diaphragm consists of what?

A

Two muscle slips that attach to the xiphoid process

61
Q

The costal part (Costal Attachment) of the diaphragm consists of what?

A

Wide Muscular slips that attach to internal surfaces of the inferior surfaces of the inferior six costal cartilages

62
Q

What is the musculotendinous bundles arising from the superior three lumbar vertebrae?

A

Crura

63
Q

If one half of the Diaphragm becomes paralyzed what occurs to the movement of the diaphragm?

A

The paralyzed side ascends during inspiration

64
Q

What causes the paralyzed side to ascend?

A

the abdominal organs that are being pushed by the functioning side are pushing up on the affected side

65
Q

What is the medical term used to describe movement in an opposite direction or opposite function?

A

Paradoxical

66
Q

What are the two subdivisions of the Thorax?

A

Pulmonary Cavities

Mediastinum

67
Q

The Central compartment of the thoracic cavity is called?

A

Mediastinum

68
Q

What are the borders of the Mediastinum?

A
  • Superior: Thoracic Aperture
  • Inferior: Diaphragm
  • Anterior: Sternum and Costal Cartilages
  • Posterior: Bodies of Thoracic Vertebrae
69
Q

What are the divisions of the mediastinum?

A

Superior and Inferior

70
Q

What is the Inferior Mediastinum further divided into?

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

71
Q

What are the three flat muscles that make up the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

External Oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse Abdominal

72
Q

What are the names of the two vertical muscles that make up the abdominal wall?

A

Rectus Abdominis

Pyramidalis

73
Q

What is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity and extends vertically from the superior thoracic aperture to the diaphragm and anteriorly from sternum and costal cartilages to the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly?

A

Mediastinum

74
Q

The abdominal aorta beings where?

A

Aortic Hiatus

75
Q

The abdominal aorta ends at about what level?

A

Fourth Lumbar Vertebra

76
Q

The abdominal aorta divides into what two arteries at the level in which it ends?

A

Right and Left Common Iliac Arteries

77
Q

The Celiac Trunk (branch from abdominal aorta) branches into what arteries?

A

Left Gastric Artery
Splenic Artery
Common Hepatic Artery

78
Q

The Hepatic Portal Vein receives nutrient rich blood from where?

A

GI Tract
Spleen
Pancreas
Gallbladder

79
Q

The Hepatic Portal Vein transports the nutrient rich blood to what organ?

A

Liver

80
Q

How is a Portal System formed?

A

Venous capillary system coalesces and then branches out to form another capillary system without the heart being between them

81
Q

What vessels coalesce to form the Hepatic PORTAL Vein?

A

Inferior Mesenteric Veins
Superior Mesenteric Veins
Splenic Vein

82
Q

Blood from the Liver drains into Hepatic veins which empty into what vessel?

A

Inferior Vena Cava

A&P I IPAP 3-17 (16 decks)

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