Exam 6 - Fluids

Question 1

total body water

Answer 1

60% body weight

Question 2

intracellular fluid

Answer 2

2/3 total body water

Question 3

extracellular fluid

Answer 3

1/3 total body water

Question 4

interstitial fluid

Answer 4

75% extracellular fluid

Question 5

intravascular fluid

Answer 5

25% extracellular fluid

Question 6

blood volume in dogs

Answer 6

8-9% body weight

Question 7

blood volume in cats

Answer 7

5-6% body weight

Question 8

what allows fluid movement between ICF and ECF

Answer 8

osmotic forces

Question 9

what allows fluid to move between interstitial and intravascular water compartment

Answer 9

starling forces

Question 10

how to calculate osmolarity/osmolality

Answer 10

2(Na+K) + BUN/2.8 + glucose/18 = mOsm/L

Question 11

what are starlings forces

Answer 11

oncotic pressure
hydrostatic pressure
vascular permeability
maybe 4th-lymphatic drainage

Question 12

hydrostatic pressure is the fluid _____ vessels and depends on _____

Answer 12

fluid leakage out of vessels

depends on venous pressure

Question 13

oncotic pressure is the fluid _____ vessels and depends on _____

Answer 13

fluid to go into vessels

depends on proteins

Question 14

hypotonic solutions

Answer 14

D5W
0.45% NaCl

Question 15

isotonic solutions

Answer 15

LRS
0.9% NaCl
Normosol
Plasmalyte

Question 16

hypertonic solutions

Answer 16

7.2% NaCl

Question 17

allometric formula for maintenance in dogs/cats

Answer 17

70 x (kg)^0.75 = mL/day

Question 18

body surface area formula for maintenance in dogs

Answer 18

132 x (kg)^0.75 = mL/day

Question 19

how to calculate ongoing losses

Answer 19

0.5-1x maintenance then reassess

Question 20

how to calculate fluid deficit

Answer 20

% dehydrated x BW = L

Question 21

when do you see signs of hypovolemia

Answer 21

dehydration 10%
blood volume loss of 30%

Question 22

what fluid to replace dehydration? over how long?

Answer 22

isotonic IV
8-12 hours

Question 23

what type of fluids for maintenance?

Answer 23

isotonic usually
hypotonic if renal/cardiac compromise

Question 24

shock is defined as what 3 things

Answer 24

inadequate energy
decreased O2
increased lactate

Question 25

types of shock

Answer 25

hypoxemic hypovolemic cardiogenic metabolic distributive/septic

Question 26

fluids in order of highest to lowest volume expansion power

Answer 26

hypertonic colloids isotonic hypotonic

Question 27

shock doses in dogs isotonic colloids or blood products hypertonic

Answer 27

80-100 ml/kg 20 ml/kg 5 ml/kg

Question 28

VEP of isotonic fluid

Answer 28

25%

Question 29

VEP of hypertonic fluid

Answer 29

500%

Question 30

VEP of colloids

Answer 30

100%

Question 31

what is an aliquot

Answer 31

25% shock volume given 5-30 minutes then reassess

Question 32

max amount of K+

Answer 32

0.5 mEq/kg/hr 3-5 mEq/kg/day

Question 33

large animal shock bolus

Answer 33

10-20 ml/kg over 20-30 min

Question 34

equine maintenance rate

Answer 34

2-3 ml/kg/hr 60 ml/kg/day

Question 35

livestock maintenance rate

Answer 35

3 ml/kg/hr

Question 36

large animal ongoing losses

Answer 36

2x maintenance

Question 37

horses with large colon impactions and displacements, how much fluid can you give orally

Answer 37

5-8 L every 2-6 hours

Question 38

foal resuscitation

Answer 38

10-20ml/kg

Question 39

stabilization/maintenance rate in foals

Answer 39

2-4 ml/kg/hr

Question 40

target milk replacer in foals

Answer 40

20-25% BW

Question 41

dextrose requirement in ruminants

Answer 41

1 mg/kg/min

Question 42

dextrose requirement in horses

Answer 42

2 mg/kg/min

Question 43

dextrose requirement in neonates

Answer 43

4-8 mg/kg/min

Question 44

before panicking about hyperkalemia what should you check for

Answer 44

hemolysis

Question 45

maintenance fluid rates approx for a big dog/cat and small dog

Answer 45

big dog/cat 1-2 ml/kg/hr small dogs 2-4 ml/kg/hr