Exam 6 - Equine Part 2

Question 1

clinical signs of mild-moderate equine asthma (inflammatory airway disease)

Answer 1

younger horses
exercise intolerance/prolonged recovery
cough
nasal discharge
no fever

Question 2

clinical signs of severe equine asthma (recurrent airway obstruction ‘heaves’)

Answer 2

older horses
exercise intolerance/prolonged recovery
cough
nasal discharge
no fever
expiratory dyspnea, increased resp effort/heave line and coughing

Question 3

pathogenesis of IAD

Answer 3

mixed etiology - mast cells, leukocytes or eosinophils

Question 4

pathogenesis of heaves

Answer 4

type I hypersensitivity reaction
obstruction due to…
1. neutrophil accumulation
2. mucus production
3. bronchoconstriction

Question 5

diagnostic test of choice for equine airway disease

Answer 5

BAL - good for cytology

Question 6

treatment plan for equine lower airway disease

Answer 6

environmental management (most important)

bronchodilators
steroids

Question 7

what are 3 infectious myopathies

Answer 7

Acute Suppurative Myositis
Actinobacillosis
Clostridial myositis

Question 8

risk factors for Clostridial myositis in equine

Answer 8

injection associated with colic treatment (IM or perivascular) with irritating drugs
flunixin meglumine
supplements
anthelmintics

Question 9

complications of Clostridial myositis in equine

Answer 9

IMHA

Question 10

what causes blackleg and what is its pathogenesis

Answer 10

Clostridium chauveoi
ingestion of spores

Question 11

what causes malignant edema “false blackleg” and pathogenesis

Answer 11

Clostridium perfringens in horse
C. novyi in rams
C. septicum in cattle
C. sordelli in cattle/sheep

wound contamination

Question 12

treatment for immune mediated myopathies? infectious myopathies?

Answer 12

clostridium = penicillin

immune mediated = steroids

Question 13

most common causes of secondary sinusitis

Answer 13

dental sinusitis
sinus cysts

Question 14

unilateral mucopurulent or purulent nasal discharge, ipsilateral submandibular lymphadenopathy caused by an infective process is a common clinical sign of what

Answer 14

sinusitis

Question 15

diagnostics for sinusitis

Answer 15

radiographs
CT

Question 16

treatment for sinusitis

Answer 16

abx
lavage, trephination, sinuscopy
tooth extraction
surgery

Question 17

gutteral pouch empyema is usually diagnostic of what disease

Answer 17

strangles S. equi equi or zooepidemicus

Question 18

diagnostic test of choice for epistaxis

Answer 18

upper airway endoscopy

Question 19

racehorse with bilateral epistaxis, cough and poor performance during exercise, what is the suspicious? diagnostic test? treatment?

Answer 19

exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage

tracheal endoscopy 60-90 min post-exercise or BAL 150 days after

rest, NSAIDs, furosemide

Question 20

most common upper resp cause of epistaxis in the horse

Answer 20

progressive ethmoid hematoma

Question 21

mild, intermittent serosanguineous or hemorrhagic discharge from one or both nostrils; amount not usually life threatening is the most consistent clinical sign for what?

Answer 21

progressive ethmoid hematoma

Question 22

progressive ethmoid hematoma
diagnostics:
treatment:

Answer 22

endoscopy + biopsy
CT

formalin injections
laser
surgical removal

Question 23

most common clinical signs of guttural pouch mycosis ?

what are the 3 manifestations?

Answer 23

epistaxis not associated with exercise
dysphagia

asymptomatic
nasal discharge
cranial n deficits

Question 24

endoscopy findings of guttural pouch myocosis

Answer 24

plaques on dorsal aspect of medial compartment, lateral aspect of lateral compartment and associated with internal and external carotid aa

Question 25

diagnostics and treatment for guttural pouch mycosis, what is the treatment of choice?

Answer 25

endoscopy

salpinopharyngeal fistulation
carotid a ligation
transarterial coil embolization (gold standard)

Question 26

complications of guttural pouch mycosis

Answer 26

pharyngeal function, dysphagia, corneal ulceration, Horner’s Syndrome, Blindness