Clinical Reasoning Flashcards
what are the 4 clinical reasoning strategies
pattern recognition
arborization
exhaustive search
hypothetical-deductive
pattern recognition
pro:
con:
pros: quick diagnosis, quick treatment, life saving
cons: experience matters, incorrect diagnosis which can lead to increased morbidity/mortality
arborization
pros:
cons:
pros: emergent situations or referrals
cons: only as good as the designer, doesn’t account for comorbid disease
exhaustive search
pros:
cons:
pros: rare diseases
cons: time-consuming, unnecessary diagnostics
hypothetical-deductive
pros:
cons:
pros: clinical reasoning process
cons: experience matters
what medical error?
Concluding evidence gathering and making a diagnosis prior to thorough
reflection on all the data; associated with pattern recognition
premature closure
what medical error?
You offer limited analysis and/or information because you believe that others have reached an identical conclusion.
false consensus
what medical error?
The tendency to seek or favor data that confirms one’s preferred diagnosis
while ignoring or disregarding data that would disfavor the diagnosis.
confirmatory bias
what medical error?
Pertinent information is unintentionally omitted by someone on the team, e.g., clinical sign, previous medical history, etc.
unintentional sequestration of data
what medical error?
an illusory (illusion‐based) transactive memory system provides the medical team with a deceptive sense of security because you’re working with a team, someone before you got all the data that you need. In other words, “Someone must have read the chart.”
illusory transactive memory system
what medical error?
Respect for authority or desire for consensus allows data to be interpreted as valid by others, e.g., a supervising clinician states that a collection of clinical signs means the patient has [x] disease.
contagious illusion
what medical error?
Expectations influence your senses such that you can feel, hear or see something that you expect to hear.
selective perception
what medical error?
Initial events in the patient’s medical history or disease are weighted more heavily that events that occur later.
primacy effect
what medical error?
The most recent events in the patient’s medical history or disease are more heavily the events that occurred earlier.
recency effect
what medical error?
Estimating what is more likely by what is most available in your memory, which is inherently biased toward vivid, unusual, or emotionally charged examples.
availability heuristic
