Exam 6 Concepts

Question 1

Glands of the endocrine system

Answer 1

• pituitary
• thyroid
• adrenal
• pancreas
• testes
• ovaries

Question 2

Pituitary gland characteristics

Answer 2

beneath hypothalamus

Posterior:
- secretes ADH for water level in blood
- oxytocin for milk production and bonding

Anterior:
- TSH: acts on thyroid
- LH and FSH: acts on gonads, sex hormone production
- GH: acts on tissue and bone for growth
- ACTH: acts on adrenal cortex

Question 3

Thyroid gland

Answer 3

is stimulated by TSH from pituitary

• produces TH for metabolism, body temp, sleep cycle
• calcitonin: lowering blood calcium level

parathyroid
- PTH to raise blood calcium level

Question 4

Adrenal gland

Answer 4

on top of kidney, stimulated by ACTH from pituitary

Adrenal cortex:
- produces androgens
- produces glucocorticoids, raise blood glucose
- aldosterone: reabsorb sodium, secrete potassium

Adrenal medulla:
- epinephrine and norepinephrine: fight/flight

Question 5

Pancreas

Answer 5

• insulin: lowers blood glucose, stores sugar
• glucagon: raises blood glucose

Question 6

Pineal gland

Answer 6

in brain, above roof of mouth

• produces melatonin in darkness, which prepares you for sleep

Question 7

Steroids

Answer 7

• derived from cholesterol, four carbon rings
• can enter cells and act on DNA directly

Question 8

Types of sensory receptors

Answer 8

• mechanoreceptors: hearing, balance, touch
• chemoreceptors: taste, smell
• photoreceptors: vision
• free nerve endings: touch, pain

Question 9

sensory path

Answer 9

stimulus –> sensory receptor –> nerve impulses along sensory fiber –> spinal cord –> brain

Question 10

Nervous system branches

Answer 10

CENTRAL:
- brain
- spinal cord

PERIPHERAL:
- nerves