Exam 5 - Opportunistic Infections (Erdman) Flashcards
Normal CD4 count in adults?
500 - 1200 cells/mm3
without ART therapy a patient with HIV will have a ______ decline in CD4 cells per year
50 - 100
when CD4 cell counts are < ______ and especially < ______ are associated with development of opportunistic infections
< 500 and < 200
When CD4 counts are < 500 pts may develop OIs such as what 5 infections/diseases?
bacterial pneumonia vaginal candidiasis thrush shingles oral leukoplakia
When CD4 counts are < 200 pts may develop OIs such as what 7 infections/diseases?
PCP Kaposi Sarcoma CMV MAC Lymphoma Cryptococcal meningitis Cryptospordium diarrhea
why avoid starting ART with an acute OI?
IRIS!! (immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome)
worsening clinical manifestations (because body is getting better immune system really starts attacking the infection)
IRIS will typically develop within the first ______ weeks of initiation of ART if it is going to occur
4 - 8 weeks
Oropharyngeal cadidiasis/thrush:
use topical therapy when?
if INITIAL, mild or moderate episodes only
Oropharyngeal cadidiasis/thrush:
what are the topical options?
nystatin susp
Clotrimazole troches
miconazole buccal tab
Oropharyngeal cadidiasis/thrush:
topical or systemic is superior?
systemic fo sho
Oropharyngeal cadidiasis/thrush:
when you absolutely must use systemic therapy?
if concomitant candida esophagitis
Symptoms of esophageal candidiasis
retrosternal burning pain/discomfrot
dysphagia
odynophagia
Treatment of choice for esophageal candidiasis
fluconazole 100 mg PO IV or QD x 14 - 21 days
IV when having issues swallowing for sure — at least initially the move to PO!
Options for Vulvovaginitis Cadidia infection:
topical azoles if skin involvement
PO fluconazole
(do longer fluconazole treatment regimens if severe/recurrent episodes)
Primary Prophylaxis for candida infections?
NOT RECOMMENDED!!
only do daily secondary prophylaxis if severe/frequent esophagitis or vaginitis
Cryptococcous Meningitis:
Sxs?
menigitis things: fever, HA, malaise..
Diagnosis of Cryptococcus meningitis done how?
lumber punctures/CSF analysis….
Cryptococcus Pneumonia
________ be excluded in AIDS patients
concomitant meningitis
Treatment of Cryptococcus Meningitis:
Overall into what different phases?
3 phases:
induction –> consolidation –> maintenance
Treatment of Cryptococcus Meningitis:
what does induction phase consist of?
IV liposomal amphotericin B + PO flucytosine x 2 weeks
Treatment of Cryptococcus Meningitis:
what does consolidation phase consist of?
PO fluconazole x 8 weeks
Treatment of Cryptococcus Meningitis:
what does maintenance phase consist of?
fluconazole x 1 yr
Treatment of Cryptococcus Meningitis:
When to do primary or secondary prophylaxis
priamary – almost like never
secondary is like maintenance therapy…secondary prophylaxis CAN be stopped at some point..
what is PCP
pneumocystis jirovecii/carnii Pneumonia
main symptoms seen with PCP?
CHF like symptom of progressive dyspnea on exertion
annnnd
a NON-productive cough
Hypoxemia: deemed as pO2 < ______ mmHg
70