Exam 3 - UTIs Flashcards
what are examples lower urinary tract infections?
cystitis (bladder)
urethritis (urethra)
prostate (prostatitis)
what are examples of upper urinary tract infections?
pyleonephritis (kidney)
definition of uncomplicated UTI?
a young female with no structural/functional abnormalities
definition of complicated UTI?
some blocking the urine flow
in men, old people, or pregnant people
Definition of Recurrent UTI?
> /= 2 UTIs in 6 mos
or
/= 3 UTIs in 1 year
definition of reinfection vs recurrent UTIs
reinfection: occurs over 2 weeks after treatment (will be a diff bug)
recurrent: occurs within 2 weeks (will be same bug form first infection)
Definition asymptomatic bacteriuria?
common in pts > 65 yo significant bacteriuria (>10^5) but NO symptoms
when to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria
if pregnant woman
Criteria for Significant Bacteriuria:
_____ CFU bacteria/mL in a symptomatic male
> /= 10^4
Criteria for Significant Bacteriuria:
_____ CFU bacteria/mL in asymptomatic individuals on two consecutive specimens
> /= 10^5
Criteria for Significant Bacteriuria:
_____ CFU coliforms/mL in a symptomatic females
or
_____ CFU noncoliforms/mL in a symptomatic females
> /= 10^2 coliforms
> /= 10^5 noncoliforms
2 pathogenesis ways for UTIs?
ascending pathway (colonic pathway enters urethra/vagina --> bladder = colonization) OR hematogenous spread (infection comes from a distal site of infection)
Host defense mechanisms against UTIs?
- Urine – low pH, high urea, osmolality extremes
- Flushing/voiding/urinating
- when bacteria into bladder – you diuresis more than normal to get it out
- urinary mucus prevents adherence of bacteria
- lactobacillus present in vagina (related to estrogen)
Common ADEs for acute pyelonephritis?
FLANK pain!
more systemic symptoms (fever/chills)
Abx options for UTIs?
Macrobid SMX-TMP fosfomycin FQs (not first line) beta lactams (not first line)
