Exam 4 - Tuberculosis Flashcards
what bug causes tuberculosis?
mycobacterium tuberculosis
gram stain of mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Aerobic
non-spore forming
bacillus
what are factors associated with MDR-TB?
inadequate therapy (monotherapy or suboptimal dose) Cavitary lesions
what drug combo is most commonly used for active TB treatment?
RIPPE
Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazindamide, Pyridoxine (B6), Ethambutol
Mycobacterium tuberculosis:
_____ rich cell wall that contains _______ and is _______ to many durgs
Lipid rich
contains mycolic acid
impermeable to many drugs
Transmission of Tb:
Only _____ Tb infections can be transmitted
active
Transmission of Tb:
spread by __________
aerosol droplets (speaking, coughing, spitting)
what are the extrapulmonary tuberculosis things that can happen?
genitourethral tuberculosis
TB w/ arthritis or osteomyelitis
TB menigitis
Issues with HIV and diagnosis of TB?
HIV patients have weak immune systems —- they wont have a positive response to skin testing as easily (high false negative rate)
Clinical presentation for TB in healthy patients?
Fever/chills NIGHT SWEATS anorexia wt loss cough hemoptysis/SOB malaise
Clinical presentation of TB in HIV patients?
if early HIV — kinda similar… extrapulmonary at higher risk
if late HIV — v high extrapulmonary disease risk
2 main ways to screen for TB?
PPD (purified protein derivative)
IGRAs (interferon gamma release assays)
when to do IGRA over PPD for diagnosis?
when pts have rcvd BCG vaccinated
T or F: only need to do drug susceptibility for TB when i HIV pts?
false — do it for every isolate!!
Someone is deemed noninfectious when receiving effective therapy, improving clinically, and ??
pt has negative sputum smear results for 3 CONSECUTIVE days (each sputum collected on a different day)
what are the 2 phases for TB treatment?
intensive phase then continuation phase
If pts have HIV and you want to treat TB….
- If pts have CD4 < 50 cells/uL start ART within ______ of TB therapy
- If pts have CD4 >/= 50 cells/uL start ART within ______ of TB therapy
< 50: within 2 weeks
> 50: delay ART until 8 - 12 weeks
Rifampin is a hella _______ of CYP
inducer
_________ is the most active FQ against M. tuberculosis
Moxifloxacin
For MDR-TB:
Treat any patient with ______ resistant TB (or if _____ resistance is absent or unknown with a MDR-TB regimen
rifampin resistant; INH resistance unknown
For MDR-TB:
Must include what 3 drugs for sure for treatment?
A FQ (Levo or moxi) \+ Bedaquiline \+ Linezolid
Treatment options for latent TB infection?
Rifampin QD x 4 mos
INH + Rifapentine once weekly x 12 weeks
INH daily x 6 - 9 mos
INH: how metabolized?
by liver — N-acetyltransferase
INH: into CSF?
yas – super well
INH: good or bad oral bioavail?
good
ADEs of INH?
Hepatitis
Neurotoxic = PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY — give Vit. B6
Dose adjustments for INH?
when severe hepatic insufficiency or renal failure
why supplement B6 with INH therapy?
INH increases pyridoxine excretion — need it to prevent peripheral neuropathy
INH: inducer or inhibitor of P450?
inhibitor
ADEs of rifampin?
Hepatoxicity discolored urine (sweat and tears)/(orange color) -- can permanently stain contact lenses
ADEs of Pyrazinamide?
Hepatoxicity
Hyperuricemia
Joint pain - arthralgias (MCMP notes)
ADEs of Ethambutol?
Peripheral neuropathy Optic neuritis (can be irreversible if not discontinued)