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UCLA EMT > Exam 5: Medical Emergencies > Flashcards

Exam 5: Medical Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

What causes migraine headaches?

A

constriction of blood vessels in the brain = increase pressure

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2
Q

What is a symptom associated with migraine headaches?

A

photophobia

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3
Q

What is a stroke also called?

A

cerebrovascular accident

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4
Q

What type of headache is associated with a stroke?

A

“the worst headache of my life”

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5
Q

What causes an ischemic stroke?

A

embolism in the vessels of the brain

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6
Q

What causes a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

aneurysm/trauma | rupture of blood vessel = bleed out

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7
Q

Which type of stroke is more fatal?

A

hemorrhagic = bleed out

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8
Q

What symptom/sign greatly contributes to a stroke?

A

hypertension

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9
Q

How can you differentiate between the 2 types of stroke?

A

CT will show if blood is present or not (ischemic)

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10
Q

What does FAST stand for?

A

facial droop | arm dropping | slurred speech | time to act

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11
Q

How can you assess arm dropping in suspected stroke patients?

A

have patient hold arms up palms up = if one begins to drop down = stroke

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12
Q

Signs and Symptoms of a Stroke.

A

headache | hemiparesis/hemiplegia | aphasia | AMS | HYPERTENSION

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13
Q

What is hemiparesis/hemiplegia?

A

weakness on one side of body

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14
Q

What is an important question to ask bystanders/family/friends about a stroke patient?

A

when was the last time patient was acting normal

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15
Q

What is the window of time from onset of stroke when a patient has a great chance of survival? What is it for really?

A

3hrs or less | clot-busting medication

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16
Q

In which stroke patient can receive clot busting medication?

A

ischemic only

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17
Q

What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

A

stroke that lasts for a short time and resolves itself

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18
Q

What causes a TIA?

A

thrombotic particles get stuck in the blood vessel = block the vessel until it breaks free

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19
Q

Signs and Symptoms of TIA

A

stroke symptoms that last less than 24 hrs

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20
Q

How do you treat TIA?

A

treat it like a stroke

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21
Q

What are 3 conditions that can mimic a stroke?

A

hypoglycemia | postictal state | subdural/epidural bleeding

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22
Q

What is syncope?

A

temporary LOC due to short period of cerebral hypoxia

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23
Q

What are 4 causes of syncope?

A

hypoglycemia | lack of O2 | vagal stimulation | seizures

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24
Q

How do you transport patients who fainted?

A

SUPINE

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25
Q

Define seizure.

A

uncoordinated, random, chaotic electrical charges in the brain

26
Q

What is a convulsion seizure?

A

has the tonic/clonic movement

27
Q

What is tonic and clonic?

A

tonic = rigid muscles | clonic = jerking of extremities

28
Q

What is an aura in seizures?

A

feeling that you know when a seizure is about to happen

29
Q

What is the post-ictal state of a seizure?

A

patient is no longer seizing but is still in an altered mental state | doesn’t know what happened but is disoriented | still not normal self

30
Q

What is Epilepsy?

A

disorder of having multiple seizures

31
Q

Stages of a Seizure (Generalized/Convulsion)

A

Aura > Tonic/Clonic > clenching of jaw/biting of tongue > incontinence > post ictal state

32
Q

What is a Focal seizure?

A

patient is conscious | a simple part of body is seizing

33
Q

What is status epilepticus?

A

multiple seizures in one episode | patient does not get out of the post-ictal state

34
Q

What are 4 structural causes of seizures?

A

tumor | infection | ICP | stroke

35
Q

What are the 4 metabolic causes of a seizure?

A

hypoxia | hypoglycemia | overdose | Delirium-Tremens

36
Q

What is delirium tremens?

A

people with alcohol abuse = used to having alcohol in system = withdraw = can cause seizures

37
Q

What is a common type of seizure seen in kids? What is it due to?

A

febrile seizures = high fevers

38
Q

What are the 5 things you must do for a Seizure case?

A

remove anything patient can hurt themselves on during a seizure | NEVER restrain | protect head by padding underneath it | LET them have the seizure | ALS

39
Q

What is DM Type I also called? What is it?

A

juvenile onset | immune system attacks beta cells in pancreas = no insulin = insulin dependent DM

40
Q

What is DM Type II?

A

have too much insulin in body (not insulin dependent)

41
Q

What is the range for normal blood sugar?

A

80-120 mg/dl

42
Q

What is the blood sugar range for hyperglycemia?

A

> 200 mg/dl

43
Q

What is the blood sugar range for hypoglycemia?

A

60 mg/dl >

44
Q

Signs and Symptoms of hyperglycemia

A

hypotension | dehydration | excited

45
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

A

300-600 mg/dl | kussmaul respirations (huffing) | sweet, fruity odor

46
Q

Treatment for diabetic cases

A

supine | O2 | oral glucose (hypoglycemia)

47
Q

Treatment for inhaled poisons

A

move patient to fresh air | O2

48
Q

How to treat patients who tried to commit suicide by buildup of CO in car?

A

call additional resources for extrication

49
Q

Signs and Symptoms of skin contact poisons.

A

burns | itching | irritation

50
Q

Removal method for powder poisons

A

BRUSH off first | RINSE with water

51
Q

How do we treat poison contact in eyes?

A

remove contact lenses | irrigate 20 mins

52
Q

What is used to treat ingested poisons?

A

Activated charcoal

53
Q

Contraindications for active charcoal

A

N/V | corrosives, caustics or petroleum | decreased LOC

54
Q

What is the dosage for activated charcoal?

A

1g per 1kg

55
Q

How to treat injected poisons?

A

airway/O2 | transport

56
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Sedative/Hypnotic drugs (barbiturates and benzos)

A

ataxia | bradycardia | hypotension | respiratory hypoxia

57
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Delirium Tremens

A

agitation/restlessness | tremors | hallucinations

58
Q

Signs and Symptoms of opioid drugs

A

lethargy | constricted pupils | cyanosis | hypotension

59
Q

Signs and Symptoms of a CNS Stimulant (ie: Ecstasy)

A

hypertension | tachycardia | dilated pupils

60
Q

Signs and Symptoms of hallucinogens

A

hypertensive | visual disturbances | blank stare | nystagmus | seizures

61
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Nerve Agents

A

lacrimation | defecation | salivation | urination

62
Q

Signs and Symptoms of food poisoning from botulism

A

blurry vision | weakness | ataxia | breathing problems

UCLA EMT (10 decks)

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