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UCLA EMT > Exam 2: Airway > Flashcards

Exam 2: Airway Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the pathway of O2 as it enters the body and gets to the alveoli.

A

Nasopharynx/oropharynx > larynx > epiglottis, vocal cords > glottis > trachea > carina > bronchi > bronchus > bronchioles > alveoli

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2
Q

Define the process of diffusion and where it occurs in the lungs?

A

in alveoli and capillary beds. Diffusion of gas exchange is when CO2 or O2 goes from high concentration to low concentration.

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3
Q

List the steps in caring for a patient who is choking, including responsive and unresponsive patients.

A

–

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4
Q

Describe the indications for suctioning and describe the technique for doing so.

A

suction when airway is visibly full of secretions/fluid. Measure catheter from corner of mouth to jaw corner. Insert catheter that lenght, not suctioning yet. Suction on way out circular motions no more than 10-15 seconds.

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5
Q

What is a rigid suction and when would it be used?

A

–

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6
Q

What is a soft-tip suction and when would it be used?

A

–

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7
Q

List the indications for the head-tilt chin-lift and jaw-thrust maneuvers.

A

open the airway of an unconscious and unresponsive patient

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8
Q

How would you insert an oropharyngeal airway (OPA)?

A

–

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9
Q

How would you insert an nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)?

A

–

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10
Q

List the steps in the primary assessment including the pertinent findings.

A

ABCs | airway is open and patent = look for obstructions | Breathing = rate, rhythm, quality and lung sounds = look for respiratory distress/failure | circulation = cap refill = good perfusion; pulses, skin signs = look for shock

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11
Q

What muscles are working in inhalation and exhalation?

A

intercostal muscles and diaphragm

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12
Q

What is the role of the phrenic nerve?

A

carries the signal to and from the medulla oblongata

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13
Q

What is the proper O2 flow rate in L/min for the nasal cannula?

A

2-6 L/min

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14
Q

What is the proper O2 flow rate in L/min for the NRB?

A

10-15 L/min

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15
Q

What is the proper O2 flow rate in L/min for the BVM?

A

15 L/min

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16
Q

What are the 7 signs and symptoms and breathing rates of a patient suffering from respiratory distress?

A

RR = < 8/min or > 30/min | dyspnea | HR/RR increase | retractions | tripoding/upright position | 2-3 word-dyspnea | noisy breathing/lung sounds | restlessness | normal mental status

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17
Q

What are the 4 signs and symptoms and breathing rates of a patient suffering from respiratory failure?

A

shallow respirations | cyanotic | HR/RR decreases | altered mental status

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18
Q

What is the key difference between respiratory distress and respiratory failure?

A

mental status | normal = distress | altered = failure

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19
Q

List the steps for ventilating a patient with a stoma?

A

tracheostomy mask to BVM (if no mask present = use child/infant mask) | no head-tilt, chin-lift or jaw thrust. | suction = French/soft tip catheter

20
Q

What is a stoma?

A

opening in neck connecting the skin to trachea

21
Q

Define tidal volume.

A

amount of air inhaled in 1 breath

22
Q

Define minute volume.

A

amount of air inhaled in 1 minute

23
Q

Define compliance.

A

–

24
Q

Define seesaw respirations.

A

chest and abdomen move opposite directions (up and down)

25
Q

Define dyspneic.

A

abnormal breathing pattern, short of breath

26
Q

Define apneic.

A

Patient is not breathing.

27
Q

Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient suffering from anaphylaxis.

A

–

28
Q

Why do the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis happen?

A

–

29
Q

Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient suffering epiglottitis.

A

swelling of epiglottis | high grade fever | raspy voice | stridor | copious drooling | tripoding

30
Q

Why do the signs and symptoms of epiglottitis happen?

A

fever = due to Hib flu strand | raspy voice = swelling puts pressure on other structures | stridor = narrowing of upper airway passages | drooling = hard to swallow

31
Q

Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient suffering asthma.

A

expiratory wheezing | prolonged expiratory phase | dyspnea/labored breathing

32
Q

Why do the signs and symptoms of asthma happen?

A

immune system response = intermittent swelling of bronchioles/bronchi (bronchospasm)

33
Q

What is a beta-2 agonist medication?

A

beta-2 receptor controls bronchi constriction/dilation | beta-2agonist medication = dilates bronchi

34
Q

Why must beta-2 agonist medication be administered to a respiratory patient?

A

allow broncho-dilation = open up lower airways = more air in airways

35
Q

Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient suffering chronic bronchitis and why these symptoms occur.

A

irritation of airways = airway constriction and buildup of excess mucus | excess mucus = due to irritants | productive cough = trying to cough out mucus

36
Q

Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient suffering emphysema and why these symptoms occur.

A

long expiratory phase = wheezing = broncho-constriction = dried out alveoli | crackles

37
Q

What are the 2 types of COPD-diseases?

A

emphysema and chronic bronchitis

38
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

air enters the pleural space = putting pressure onto lung = decrease in volume of air inhaled

39
Q

What is a tension pneumothorax?

A

air cannot escape pleural space = mediastinal shift

40
Q

Signs and symptoms of tension pneumothroax

A

JVD | tracheal deviation to unaffected side | diminished/absent breath sounds

41
Q

Signs and symptoms of pneumothorax

A

diminished or absent breath sounds but no JVD/tracheal deviation

42
Q

Describe the 5 signs and symptoms of a patient suffering pneumonia and why these symptoms occur.

A

fever/chills = immune system reaction to URI infection | worsened productive cough = dried up mucus due to body temp | excess mucus production = immune system response to infection | rhonchi breath sounds | brown sputum | pleuritic CP = irritation of pleural membrane from the coughing

43
Q

Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient suffering cystic fibrosis and why these symptoms occur.

A

sinus congestion = excess mucus | wheezing = excess mucus in airways | chronic productive cough | dyspnea | pneumonia = due to germs stuck in mucus

44
Q

Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient suffering from pulmonary embolism and why these symptoms occur.

A

acute SOB = sudden clot of pulmonary vessel | pinpoint CP = at the site of thrombus/blockage | clear lung sounds | respiratory distress/failure = not enough O2 circulating | failure to improve with O2 = blood can’t oxygenate well through lungs bc of blockage

45
Q

Describe the signs and symptoms of a patient suffering from CHF and why these symptoms occur.

A

crackles = pulmonary edema = from damage of one of the heart chambers = backup of fluid in pulmonary circulation | severe dyspnea | lower extremity edema = backup of fluid in venous system | pink frothy sputum = due to blood in lungs

UCLA EMT (10 decks)

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