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UCLA EMT > Exam 3: Cardiology Exam > Flashcards

Exam 3: Cardiology Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 Chambers of the heart?

A

RA, RV, LA, LV

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2
Q

What is the average blood volume for an adult?

A

4-6 L

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3
Q

What is perfusion?

A

flow of O2 throughout the body

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4
Q

Where are the semilunar valves located?

A

pulmonary artery and aorta

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5
Q

Where are the atrioventricular (AV) valves located?

A

between the lower and upper chambers of the L and R

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6
Q

What is the AV valve between the RA and RV called?

A

tricuspid valve

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7
Q

What is the AV valve between the LA and LV called?

A

mitral valve (bicuspid)

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8
Q

What are the 2 blood vessels that carry blood from heart to lungs and back?

A

pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein

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9
Q

Which pulmonary vessel carries blood from heart to lungs? Is it O2 or deO2?

A

pulmonary artery = deO2 blood

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10
Q

Which pulmonary vessel carries blood from lungs to heart? Is it O2 or deO2?

A

pulmonary vein = O2 blood

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11
Q

Which chambers take blood in the heart?

A

atria

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12
Q

Which chambers pump blood out of heart?

A

ventricles

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13
Q

What are the layers of heart tissue?

A

epicardium (protects from trauma/friction) | myocardium (muscle) | endocardium (inner lining)

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14
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

amount of blood ejected by the heart in one cardiac cycle

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15
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

amount of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute

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16
Q

What is peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)?

A

resistance to blood flow due to the peripheral blood vessels

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17
Q

What is the equation for blood pressure (BP)?

A

CO x PVR

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18
Q

What is ischemia?

A

inadequate supply of blood to an organ

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19
Q

What is infarction?

A

cease of blood supply = leads to tissue death

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20
Q

What are the 3 electrical nodes of the heart?

A

sinoatrial node (SA), atrioventricular (AV) node, Purkinje fibers

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21
Q

What is the firing rate of SA node?

A

60-100 bpm

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22
Q

What is the firing rate of AV node?

A

40-60 bpm

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23
Q

What is the firing rate of Purkinje fibers?

A

20-40 bpm

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24
Q

If one of the electrical nodes fail, what happens to the electrical conductivity of the heart?

A

each node is able to elicit an electrical conduction, but heart will not work as efficiently

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25
Q

What is systole?

A

contraction of ventricles to PUMP blood out of heart

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26
Q

What is diastole?

A

relaxation of heart to FILL atria with blood

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27
Q

During your ABCs, what is the purpose of checking the Airway?

A

look for obstruction

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28
Q

During your ABCs, what is the purpose of checking the Breating?

A

look for respiratory failure (arrest)

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29
Q

During your ABCs, what is the purpose of checking the Circulation?

A

look for cardiac arrest OR severe bleeding

30
Q

At what time interval is brain damage possible to occur before CPR is began?

A

4-6 min

31
Q

What happens to the brain if it does not get blood flow for more than 10 minutes?

A

irreversible brain damage

32
Q

What are the 2 components to CPR?

A

ventilation and chest compressions

33
Q

What are the 2 cardiac rhythms in which an AED will shock?

A

ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia

34
Q

What is ventricular fibrillation?

A

deadly dysrhythmia originating from many sites in the ventricles = leads to ineffective contraction of ventricular muscle | no pulse no CO

35
Q

What is ventricular tachycardia?

A

rapid heart rhythm caused by ventricles = inadequate CO, low BP, and low perfusion

36
Q

What is asystole?

A

flatline, no electrical impulses

37
Q

What are the 2 cardiac rhythms the AED will not notice?

A

PEA and asystole

38
Q

What is PEA?

A

pulseless electrical activity

39
Q

What are the 3 indications for AED use?

A

adults, infants and kids who are UNRESPONSIVE and PULSELESS

40
Q

Which individuals will AED pads be placed front and back?

A

kids under puberty, infants, and pregnant women

41
Q

What are the 4 requirements for chest compressions?

A

middle of chest, lower half of sternum | allow for recoil | depression of 2 in. | rate of 100-120 compressions/min

42
Q

What is the ratio for CPR/ventilations? (adult)

A

30:2

43
Q

What is the common cause for cardiac arrest in children?

A

respiratory failure

44
Q

What is an indication to do CPR on infants and kids?

A

HR less than 60 or skin signs

45
Q

What is the ratio and depth of CPR for kids and babies?

A

15:2 (2 rescuers, 30:2, 1 rescuer) and 1/3 of chest

46
Q

How often should you give 1 breath to an adult?

A

5-6 seconds

47
Q

How often should you give 1 breath to a kid or baby?

A

3-5 seconds

48
Q

How often should you give 1 breath on an advanced airway?

A

6 seconds

49
Q

How often should you check the pulse in rescue breathing/CPR?

A

2 minutes

50
Q

What s angina pectoris?

A

temporary inadequate O2 supply to heart

51
Q

What is acute coronary syndrome?

A

group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia causing angina pectoris and MI

52
Q

Signs and Sxs of Angina Pectoris.

A

CP = “crushing/squeezing” weight on chest, middle of chest | SOB, nausea, diaphoresis | radiate to L arm, back and jaw | relieved easily

53
Q

What is unstable angina?

A

an angina that is unable to be relieved like usual = can lead to acute MI

54
Q

Signs and Sxs of AMI.

A

plae, cool diaphroetic | SOB/nausea/weakness | radiates | CP = crushing/squeezing | irregular pulse | hypotension/hypertension

55
Q

Tx for MI/Angina?

A

O2, meds

56
Q

Signs and Sxs of AAA

A

unequal radial/femoral pulses | unequal BP | pulsating abdominal mass | Shock

57
Q

What is a hypertensive emergency?

A

Systolic BP > 160 OR rapid increase in BP

58
Q

Signs and Sxs of HTN Crisis

A

strong, bounding pulse | tinnitus | NV | dizzy | epistaxis | AMS | acute pulmonary edema

59
Q

Signs and Sxs of Cardiogenic shock.

A

anxiety/restlessness | cool/pale/diaphoretic | low BP | tachy | SOB

60
Q

Signs and Sxs of cardiac tamponade.

A

rapid breathing/SOB | CP | anxiety/restlessness

61
Q

Signs and Sxs of L-sided heart failure.

A

SOB or backup of fluid in the lungs

62
Q

Signs and Sxs of R-sided heart failure.

A

lower extremity edema

63
Q

What are the indications to administer aspirin?

A

CP of cardiac origin

64
Q

What are the contraindications for administering aspirin?

A

hypersensitivity | recent abdominal bleeding

65
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aspirin?

A

anti-platelet formation

66
Q

What are the side effects of aspirin?

A

NV | stomach pain/bleeding

67
Q

What are the indications to administer Nitro?

A

CP of cardiac origin

68
Q

What are the contraindications for administering Nitro?

A

systolic BP < 100 | took phosphodiesterase inhibitors (Viagra/Cialis)

69
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Nitro?

A

vasodilation = reduce myocardial O2 demand

70
Q

What are the side effects of Nitro?

A

HA | HTN | nausea

UCLA EMT (10 decks)

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