Exam 5:Hydration Flashcards
These S&S are of what disease: sunken eyes, confusion, thirst, fatigue, weak rapid pulse, low BP, weight loss, decreased urinary output
Hypovolemia
These S&S are of what condition:weight gain, ascites, edema, distended neck vein, crackles and wheezes heard in lungs, SOB, increased BP, bounding pulse
Hypervolemia
What are some nursing interventions for hypervolemia?
sodium-restricted diet, I&O, Daily weights, administer diuretics
These S&S are of what condition: tachycardia, hyperreflexia, oliguria/anuria, flaccid paralysis?
Hyperkalemia
These S&S are of what condition:decrease bowel sounds, constipation, ileus, polyuria, irritability, hyporeflexia, orthostatic hypertension
Hypokalemia
What causes hyperkalemia?
renal disease
What causes hypokalemia?
diarrhea, diuretics, renal failure, dietary deficiency
These S&S are of what condition: thirst, flushed skin, edematous, sticky membranes, dry swollen tongue, hypertension, unexplained wt gain, sunken eyes, bounding pulse(+4,+3)
Hypernatremia
These S&S are of what condition: cold clammy pale, decreased skin turgor, decreased BP, weak thready pulse(+1)
Hyponatremia
What are causes of Hypernatremia?
excess H20 loss, too much sodium intake
What are causes of hyponatremia?
vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, burns
What are some nursing interventions for Hypernatremia?
give water replacement, give hypotonic solutions`
What are some nursing interventions for Hyponatremia?
restrict water intake, give hypertonic solution
Place these groups in order from groups having largest amount of water to least amount of water being in body: Elderly, Infants, Men, Women
Infants(75%), Men(60%),Women(50%),Elderly(40%)
Is it osmosis or diffusion when a substance moves from higher to lower concentration?
Diffusion
Is it osmosis or diffusion when a substance moves from lower to higher concentration?
osmosis
What is normal pH?
7.35-7.45
What is normal PaO2
80-100
What is normal PaCO2?
35-45
What is normal HCO3
22-26
Is it alkalosis or acidosis when pH is increased?
alkalosis
Is it alkalosis or acidosis when pH is decreased?
acidosis
ROME=
Respiratory is Opposite; Metabolic is equal
What is normal Na+-(Sodium) levels?
135-145
What is normal Ca+(Calcium) levels?
8.5-10.0
What is normal Mg+(Magnesium) levels?
1.5-2.5
What is normal K+(Potassium) levels?
3.5-5.2
Condition in which Calcium levels are less than 8.5; tetany,circumoral numbness, paresthesias, mental changes, seizures, spasms of laryngeal muscles
Hypocalcemia
Condition in which the calcium levels are greater than 10; muscle weakness, slurred speech, anorexia, constipation, N&V, bone pain, polyuria, thirst
Hypercalcemia
Condition in which Mg levels are less than 1.5; hyperactive DTR, neuromuscular irritability, muscle weakness, tremors, dsyrhthmias. alterations in mood and LOC
Hypomagnesia
Condition in which Mg levels are greater than 2.5; flushing, lowered BP, vomitting, hypoactive DTR, drowsiness, muscle weakness, depressed respirations; Slows everything down
Hypermagnesia
What is normal specific gravity?
1.005-1.030
What is normal BUN?
10-20
What is normal creatinine
0.7-1.2
Condition in which Phosphate levels are less than 2.5; cardiomyopathy, acute respiratory failure, seizures, decreased tissue oxygenation, joint stiffness
Hypophosphatemia
Condition in which phosphate levels are greater than 4.5; tetany, circumoral numbness, muscles spasms,
Hyperphosphatemia
What is normal Phosphate levels?
2.5-4.5
What is normal Chloride levels?
96-108
COndition in which chloride levels are less than 96; agitation, irritability, weakness. seizures,coma
Hypochloremia
Condition in which chloride levels are more than 108; tachypnea, lethargy, weakness, rapid deep respirations, hypertension, cognitive changes
Hyperchloremia
What type of solution is it when fluid moves from ECF to ICF; lesser concentration of particles than plasma
Hypotonic
What type of solution is it when fluid moves from ICF to ECF; greater concentration of particles than plasma
Hypertonic
seizures are a symptom of high ______ levels
sodium
heart rhythmias are a sign of high _____ levels
Potassium
twitching or tetany is a sign of high ____ levels
Calcium
