Exam 4: Nutrition Flashcards
What are the essential nutrients?
fats, water, carbs, proteins, vitamins, minerals
What is the rule of 6 for men?
106 plus 6 for each inch over 5 ft.
What is the rule of 5 for women?
105 plus 5 for each inch over 5 ft.
How do you find a women’s BMR?
wt X 10
How do you find a men’s BMR?
wt X 11
What would increase BMR needs?
exercise, activity, growth, infection, fever
What would decrease BMR needs?
aging, prolonged fasting, sleep
A BMI below 18.5 is considered?
underweight
A BMI from 18.5 to 24.9 is considered?
Healthy weight
A BMI of 25.0 to 29.9 is considered?
Overweight
A BMI of 30 or higher is considered?
Obese
What factors affect nutrition?
Developmental, lifestyle, religious practices, gender, ethinicity&culture, beliefs about food, personal preferences, medication, culture
What is normal Hgb and what would decreased Hgb reveal?
12-18; anemia
What is normal hematocrit? what would decrease and increase Hct reveal?
40-50%; decreased=anemia increased=dehydration
What is normal blood glucose?
70-105
what is normal Albumin? what would decreased levels reveal?
3.5-4.8;protein depletion
what are age related changes affecting nutrition?
GI activity decreases, metabolism decreases, sense of taste and smell decrease, loss of teeth, change in lifestyle, gastric secretions slowed,
what is the lack or loss of appetite for food?
anorexia
what is the eating disorder characterized by episodes of of gorging followed by purging
Bulimia
what is weight greater than 20% above ideal body weight
obesity
what is indigestion?
dyspepsia
what is difficulty swallowing?
dysphagia
what is vomiting blood?
hematemesis
what is belching?
eructation
what is excessive thirst
polydipsia
what is accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascities
what is an alternate form of feeding that involves passing a tube into the GI tract to allow instillation of the appropriate formula
Enteral Nutrition
what is nourishment provided via IV therapy?
Parenteral nutrition
what is prescribed for pt. who require nutrient supplementation through a peripheral vein because they have an inadequate intake of oral feedings
Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition
What would increase a BMR?
exercise, activity, growth, infection, fever
what would decrease a BMR?
aging, prolonged fasting, sleep
what is the optimal weight recommended for optimal health?
Ideal Body Weight
what is a visual exam of the lining of the esophagus, stomach and upper duodenum to diagnose inflammation, tumors or ulcers
Esophagogastoduodenoscopy (EGD)
how do you prep a pt for an EGD?
NPO for 6-12 hours, consents form,
what do you for a pt after an EGD?
observe for possible perforation(Fever,pain,dyspnea), check VS q 15 min; NPO til gag reflex returns, normal to have sore throat
What diet would consist of only foods that are clear and liquid at room or body temperature; consisting of gelatin, fat-free broth, ice pops, clear juices(apple, cran,grape), coffee, tea
Clear Liquid Diet
What diet would consist of all the items on clear liquid plus what turns liquid at room temp; consisting of milk, pudding, custard, plain frozen desserts, egss, cereal gruels, vegetable juices
Full Liquid Diet
Where do carbs get absorbed?
Small intestine
Where does protein digestion begin and end?
Begin in the mouth and ends in the small intestinc
What is catabolim/ anabolism?
catabolism=breaking down; anabolism=building up
what fats are solid at room temp?
saturated fats
what fats are liquid at room temp?
unsaturated fats(found in plants)
what is another word for gall stones?
cholelithiasis
what is another word for inflammation of gall bladder?
cholecystitis
