Exam 4: Hygience/Skin Integrity Flashcards
what is alopecia
baldness
what is caries
cavities of the teeth
what is cerumen
wax in external ear canals consisting of a heavy oil and brown pigment
what is gingivitis
inflammation of the gigivae or gums
what is halitosis
bad breath
what is edentulous
no teeth
what is stomatitis
inflammation of the oral mucosa
what is neuropathy
loss of feeling; numbness in limbs
what is pruritus
itching
what is ecchymosis
bruise
what is the function of the epidermis?
prevents entrance of microorganisms, allows for evaporation, protects skin against dehydration, permits absorption of topical medication
what is the function of the dermis?
provides tensile strength, provides mechanical support, protects underlying muscles, bone and organs, collagen-tough fibrous protein, contains blood vessels and nerves
what is the function of the subcutaneous tissue?
anchors skin layers, consists of adipose tissue and connective tissue, stores fat for energy, serves as an insulator and cushioning
What are some functions of the skin and mucous membranes?
protection, temperature regulation, sensation, Vitamin D production, breaks in the skin trigger immune system, absorption, elimination
What is purulent drainage?
pus
what is the separation of the layers of a surgical wound; may be partial, superficial or complete disruption of surgical wound
dehiscence
what is protrusion of the viscera through an incision
evisceration
what is an abnormal passage from an internal organ to the skin or from one internal organ to another
fistula
What is the process of being rendered free from moisture; dehydration?
desiccation
What is softening through liquid; overhydration
maceration
drainage containing blood
sanguineous
drainage composed of clear
serous
drainage composed of mixture of serum and RBC
serosanguineous
what is the phase of wound healing that occurs immediately after the initial injury
hemostasis
what is the phase of wound healing that lasts about 4-6 days; mildly elevated temp, pain and redness, fatigur
Inflammation phase
what is the phase of wound healing that lasts for several weeks; new tissue froms the foundation for scar tissue development
Proliferation phase
what is the phase of wound healing that begins about 3 weeks after injury possibly continuing for months/years; creates a scar
maturation phase
what factors affect hygiene?
social practices, personal preferences, social economic status, cultural variables, physical conditions, cognitive issues
what are some factors that affect skin integrity in neonates?
immature, layers loosly bound together, very thin, friction causes bruising, increased risk for infection
what are some factors that affect skin integrity in toddlers?
layers more tightly bound, decreased risk for infection and skin irritation, risks due to more play and absence of hygienic habits
what are some factors that affect skin integrity in adolescence?
Girls:estrogen increases vascularity
Boys: increased thickness and darkening in color
Sebaceous and sweat glands more active
what are some factors that affect skin integrity in adult
elastic, well-hydrated, firm, smooth, depends on hygienic practices and environmental irritants
what type of ulcer is long term, chronic condition; blood can get to feet, but can’t get back up
Venous Stasis Ulcer
what type of ulcer is poor circulation; capillary refill is > 3 seconds, blood doesnt get down to the feet
Arterial Ulcer
an ulcer that results when an area of the body (usually a bony prominence) is pressed against a hard surface and has reduced or totally occluded blood vessels for a period of time resulting in lack of oxygen to the tissues
Pressure Ulcer
The higher the braden scale number the (less or greater) the risk is for having skin breakdowns?
less
Stage of ulcer where the skin in intact, nonblanchable redness of localized area; area may be painful, firm, soft, warmer or cooler as compared to rest of tissue
Stage 1
Stage of ulcer where there’s a partial thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow ulcer with slough, not skin tear, but a blister, or crater
Stage 2
Stage of ulcer where there’s full thickness loss of tissue; subcutaneous fat may be visible; but bone tendon and muscle are not exposed; undermining and tunneling may be present
Stage 3
Stage of ulcer where theres full thickness loss of tissue with exposed bone, tendon, muscle
Stage 4
Stage that has full thickness loss but the base is covered by slough or eschar and until the slough and eschar are removed stage can’t be determined
Unstageable
What is normal Hgb(Hemoglobin)?
12-18
What is normal Hct(Hematocrit)
36-54%
What is normal transferrin?
200-350
what is normal FBS?
70-105
What is normal albumin?
3.5-5.0
