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PSIO 201 > EXAM 5 > Flashcards

EXAM 5 Flashcards

1
Q

which ion is greater concentrated on the inside of the cell

A

K

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2
Q

which ion is greater concentrated on the outside of the cell

A

Na

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3
Q

what is the intracellular concentration of Na

A

10 mM

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4
Q

what is the extracellular concentration of Na

A

140 mM

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5
Q

what is the intracellular concentration of K

A

140 mM

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6
Q

what is the extracellular concentration of K

A

2.5 mM

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7
Q

which ion is permeable across the membrane

A

K

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8
Q

what is the resting membrane potential

A

-70 mV

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9
Q

does ATPase pump Na in or out of the cell

A

Out

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10
Q

does ATPase pump K in or out of the cell

A

in

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11
Q

how many Na and K are pumped in and out of the cell

A

3 Na out, 2 K in

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12
Q

what kind of ion channels are located in the cell body and dendrites

A

ligand or mechanically gated

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13
Q

what kind of ion channels are located in the axons of the neuron

A

voltage gated ion channels

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14
Q

how are ligand channels in the dendrites opened or closed

A

by neurotransmitter binding or mechanosensation

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15
Q

how are voltage gated channels in the axons opened or closed

A

by membrane depolarization 21
what is the importance of refractory periods

establish rate of ap propogation and ensure forward propogation of ap

22
1

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16
Q

first step in generating an action potential

A

local changes in the cells membrane potential (graded potentials) either hyperpolarize or depolarize

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17
Q

where do graded potential occur

A

in the dendrites and cell bodies

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18
Q

second step in action potential generation

A

at the axon hillock, when depolarized to the threshhold value, a population of Na+ voltage gated channels will open, as Na enters, the cell becomes more depolarized causing an action potential to form

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19
Q

3rd step in generation of an action potential

A

After Na channels open, they close right after

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20
Q

4th step in generation of an action potential

A

depolarization also causes K voltage gated channels to open, this causes the membrane potential to get negative again

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21
Q

what is the importance of refractory periods

A

establish rate of ap propagation and ensure forward propagation of ap

22
Q

1st step of synaptic transmission

A

ap arrives at the end of synaptic end bulb of presynaptic neuron

23
Q

2nd step of synaptic transmission

A

ap opens Ca voltage gated channels

24
Q

3rst step of synaptic transmission

A

Ca causes synaptic vessicles to fuse with membrane

25
Q

4th step of synaptic transmission

A

neurotransmitters diffuse across membrane and bind to receptors on post syn neuron

26
Q

5th step of synaptic transmission

A

neurtransmitters binding cause ion movement across membrane either excitatory or inhibitory

27
Q

what cells detect odors

A

olfactory receptor cells

28
Q

what produces mucus in the nose for chemosensation

A

olfactory glands

29
Q

what is the function of supporting cells (olfaction)

A

provide physical and functional support

30
Q

what do basal cells do in olfaction

A

are stem cells for olfactory receptor cells

31
Q

what does cranial nerve I synapse with in the olfactory bulb

A

mitral cells

32
Q

what is the olfaction sensory pathway

A

olfactory bulb —> Primary olfactory area in cerebral cortex area in the temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex for conscious perception of smell

33
Q

what are the three types of taste buds

A

vallate fungiform and filliform

34
Q

which papillae has the most tastebuds

A

vallate

35
Q

what are the specialized sensory cells for gustation

A

gustatory receptor cells

36
Q

what is the gustatory pathway

A

gustatory nucleus in the medulla –> axons carry signal to thalamus and hypothalamus –> primary gustatory area in the parietal lobe of cerebral cortex

37
Q

what makes up the fibrous tunic

A

cornea and sclera

38
Q

what makes up the vascular tunic

A

choroid, iris, ciliary body

39
Q

what makes up the neural tunic

A

retina

40
Q

what is the function of the cornea

A

Admits and refracts (bends) light

41
Q

what is the function of the sclera

A

Provides shape and protects inner parts.

42
Q

what is the function of the iris

A

regulates the amount of light that enters the eye

43
Q

what is the function of the ciliary body

A

Secretes aqueous humor and alters shape of lens for near or far vision

44
Q

what is the function of the choroid

A

Provides blood supply and absorbs scattered light.

45
Q

what is the function of the retina

A

Receives light and converts it into receptor potentials and nerve impulses. Output to brain via axons of ganglion cells, which form optic (II) nerve.

46
Q

what is the function of the lens

A

refracts lights

47
Q

what is the function of the anterior cavity

A

Contains aqueous humor that helps maintain shape of eyeball and supplies oxygen and nutrients to lens and cornea.

48
Q

what is the function of the posterior cavity

A

Contains vitreous body that helps maintain shape of eyeball and keeps retina attached to choroid

49
Q

in which case does the image fall behind the retina

A

hyperopia

50
Q

in which case does the image fall in front of the retina

A

myopia

51
Q

what is hyperopia

A

farsightedness, short eyeball

52
Q

what is myopia

A

nearsightedness, long eyeball

PSIO 201 (8 decks)

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