Cadivascular test Flashcards
what is cardiac output
the L/min that a ventricle pumps
where does blood go from the right ventricle
pulmonary arteries/trunk
What vessel brings back blood from the lungs
pulmonary veins
Where do the pulmonary veins bring blood
the left atrium
which is thicker left or right ventricle
left
what is the name of the valve that separates the left atrium and ventricle
bicuspid valve, mitral valve
what is the name of the valve that separates the right atrium and ventricle
tricuspid valve
what is the name of the tendons that attach to the valves
chordae tendiane
which muscles regulate the tension of the chordae tendinae
papillary muscle
what is the name of the valve that separates the left ventricle from the aorta
aortic valve
what is the name of the valve that separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery
pulmonary valve
what are the two branches of the right coronary artery
marginal branch, posterior intraventricular branch
what are the two branches of the left coronary artery
circumflex branch and anterior interventricular branch
which coronary vein drains the anterior heart
great cardiac vein
which coronary vein drains the posterior heart
middle cardiac vein
where do the great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein drain into
the coronary sinus
where does the coronary sinus drain into
the right atrium
characteristics of cardiac cells
branched striated fibers with one nuclei
what is branching good for
allows the electrical impulse to travel in all directions
what are gap junctions
small gaps in cardiac cells that allow for electrical impulses to travel to each cell
where are gap junctions located
in intercalated discs
what are the three types of cardiac cells
small autorhythimic, large, intermediate
what cells are the av and sa nodes made out of
autorhythmic cells
which cardiac cell is good for fast conduction of electrical signals and is distributed in the inner wall of ventricle
Large
which type of cell comprises most of the heart muscle
intermiadte
what is the name of the hearts pacemaker
SA node
what does the p wave represent
atrial depolarization
what does the PQ interval represent
conduction time for atrial to ventricular excitation
what does the QRS complex represent
atrial repolarization ventricular depolarization
what does the T wave represent
ventricular repolarization
is the cardioaccelatory center sympathetic or parasympathetic
sympathetic
is the cardio inhibitory center para or sympathetic
parasympathetic
what do preganglionic neurons release
Ach
what kind of receptor does ACH that is released from preganglionic neurons bind to
nicotinic
what do post ganglionic neurons release
norepinephrine
what does npe activate
beta 1 adrenergic receptors
what does NE cause in SA and AV nodes
increase Na flux inwards, faster depolarization, steeper pacemaker potentials
what do ANS postgang cells release onto the heart
AcH
how does AcH affect membrane permeability
It increases K permeability out of the cells slowing the heart rate down.
what is the capillary blood flow velocity
0.1 cm/sec
where are continous capillaries found
lungs skeletal muscle connective tissue
where are fenestrated capillaries found
kidneys endocrine glands small intestines
where are sinusoidal capillaries found
liver spleen and bone marrow
what is bulk flow
movement of fluid from a region of higher pressure to lower pressure
which two forces pull blood out of capillaries
blood hydrostatic pressure and interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
which two forces pull blood into capillaries
bcop and ifhp
what are the two main forces that determine blood movement in and out of a capillary
BHP and BCOP
where are high pressure baroreceptors located
in aortic arch and carotid sinus
where are low pressure baroreceptors located
right atrium and vena cavae
how do catecholamines affect blood pressure
higher hr and sv, vasoconstriction
how does ADH effect the blood pressure
makes kidneys retain more water and widespread vasoconstriction
how does AT II affect blood pressure
increase water and salt absorption and vasoconstriction
How does ANP effect blood pressure
increases bp by vasodilation and promotes salt and water loss
what are the granular leukocytes
neutrophils eonsiophils basophils
what are the agranular leukocytes
lymphocytes and monocytes
which blood cells come from myeloid stem cells
rbc, platlete, eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil and monocyte
which blood cells come from lymphoid stem cell
lymphocytes
what is the normal range of hematocrit for females
38-46%
what is the normal range of hematocrit for males
40-54%
what does low hemocrit indicate
anemia
what doe high hemocrit indicate
polycythemia
what is erthrypoiesis
rbc formation
where does RBC formation occur
red bone marrow
steps of becoming a RBC
proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocytes, erythrocytes
how does a neutrophil work
repsonds to bacteria, first one to show up
which wbc relases histamine and attacks parasitic worms
eosinphil
which wbc responds to allergens
basophils
which wbc acts like a macrophage
monocyte
define thrombus
a clot
define thrombosis
clot formation
define embolism
a circulating clot
what hormone causes platelet formation
thrombopoietin
