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PSIO 201 > Cadivascular test > Flashcards

Cadivascular test Flashcards

1
Q

what is cardiac output

A

the L/min that a ventricle pumps

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2
Q

where does blood go from the right ventricle

A

pulmonary arteries/trunk

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3
Q

What vessel brings back blood from the lungs

A

pulmonary veins

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4
Q

Where do the pulmonary veins bring blood

A

the left atrium

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5
Q

which is thicker left or right ventricle

A

left

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6
Q

what is the name of the valve that separates the left atrium and ventricle

A

bicuspid valve, mitral valve

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7
Q

what is the name of the valve that separates the right atrium and ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

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8
Q

what is the name of the tendons that attach to the valves

A

chordae tendiane

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9
Q

which muscles regulate the tension of the chordae tendinae

A

papillary muscle

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10
Q

what is the name of the valve that separates the left ventricle from the aorta

A

aortic valve

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11
Q

what is the name of the valve that separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery

A

pulmonary valve

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12
Q

what are the two branches of the right coronary artery

A

marginal branch, posterior intraventricular branch

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13
Q

what are the two branches of the left coronary artery

A

circumflex branch and anterior interventricular branch

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14
Q

which coronary vein drains the anterior heart

A

great cardiac vein

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15
Q

which coronary vein drains the posterior heart

A

middle cardiac vein

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16
Q

where do the great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein drain into

A

the coronary sinus

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17
Q

where does the coronary sinus drain into

A

the right atrium

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18
Q

characteristics of cardiac cells

A

branched striated fibers with one nuclei

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19
Q

what is branching good for

A

allows the electrical impulse to travel in all directions

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20
Q

what are gap junctions

A

small gaps in cardiac cells that allow for electrical impulses to travel to each cell

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21
Q

where are gap junctions located

A

in intercalated discs

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22
Q

what are the three types of cardiac cells

A

small autorhythimic, large, intermediate

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23
Q

what cells are the av and sa nodes made out of

A

autorhythmic cells

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24
Q

which cardiac cell is good for fast conduction of electrical signals and is distributed in the inner wall of ventricle

A

Large

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25
Q

which type of cell comprises most of the heart muscle

A

intermiadte

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26
Q

what is the name of the hearts pacemaker

A

SA node

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27
Q

what does the p wave represent

A

atrial depolarization

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28
Q

what does the PQ interval represent

A

conduction time for atrial to ventricular excitation

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29
Q

what does the QRS complex represent

A

atrial repolarization ventricular depolarization

30
Q

what does the T wave represent

A

ventricular repolarization

31
Q

is the cardioaccelatory center sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

sympathetic

32
Q

is the cardio inhibitory center para or sympathetic

A

parasympathetic

33
Q

what do preganglionic neurons release

A

Ach

34
Q

what kind of receptor does ACH that is released from preganglionic neurons bind to

A

nicotinic

35
Q

what do post ganglionic neurons release

A

norepinephrine

36
Q

what does npe activate

A

beta 1 adrenergic receptors

37
Q

what does NE cause in SA and AV nodes

A

increase Na flux inwards, faster depolarization, steeper pacemaker potentials

38
Q

what do ANS postgang cells release onto the heart

A

AcH

39
Q

how does AcH affect membrane permeability

A

It increases K permeability out of the cells slowing the heart rate down.

40
Q

what is the capillary blood flow velocity

A

0.1 cm/sec

41
Q

where are continous capillaries found

A

lungs skeletal muscle connective tissue

42
Q

where are fenestrated capillaries found

A

kidneys endocrine glands small intestines

43
Q

where are sinusoidal capillaries found

A

liver spleen and bone marrow

44
Q

what is bulk flow

A

movement of fluid from a region of higher pressure to lower pressure

45
Q

which two forces pull blood out of capillaries

A

blood hydrostatic pressure and interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

46
Q

which two forces pull blood into capillaries

A

bcop and ifhp

47
Q

what are the two main forces that determine blood movement in and out of a capillary

A

BHP and BCOP

48
Q

where are high pressure baroreceptors located

A

in aortic arch and carotid sinus

49
Q

where are low pressure baroreceptors located

A

right atrium and vena cavae

50
Q

how do catecholamines affect blood pressure

A

higher hr and sv, vasoconstriction

51
Q

how does ADH effect the blood pressure

A

makes kidneys retain more water and widespread vasoconstriction

52
Q

how does AT II affect blood pressure

A

increase water and salt absorption and vasoconstriction

53
Q

How does ANP effect blood pressure

A

increases bp by vasodilation and promotes salt and water loss

54
Q

what are the granular leukocytes

A

neutrophils eonsiophils basophils

55
Q

what are the agranular leukocytes

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

56
Q

which blood cells come from myeloid stem cells

A

rbc, platlete, eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil and monocyte

57
Q

which blood cells come from lymphoid stem cell

A

lymphocytes

58
Q

what is the normal range of hematocrit for females

A

38-46%

59
Q

what is the normal range of hematocrit for males

A

40-54%

60
Q

what does low hemocrit indicate

A

anemia

61
Q

what doe high hemocrit indicate

A

polycythemia

62
Q

what is erthrypoiesis

A

rbc formation

63
Q

where does RBC formation occur

A

red bone marrow

64
Q

steps of becoming a RBC

A

proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocytes, erythrocytes

65
Q

how does a neutrophil work

A

repsonds to bacteria, first one to show up

66
Q

which wbc relases histamine and attacks parasitic worms

A

eosinphil

67
Q

which wbc responds to allergens

A

basophils

68
Q

which wbc acts like a macrophage

A

monocyte

69
Q

define thrombus

A

a clot

70
Q

define thrombosis

A

clot formation

71
Q

define embolism

A

a circulating clot

72
Q

what hormone causes platelet formation

A

thrombopoietin

PSIO 201 (8 decks)

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