Exam #4: Lower Extremity Lab Flashcards
What is the order for examination of the lower extremity?
1) Inspection
2) Palpation
3) ROM
4) Strength
Which should be evaluated first, active or passive ROM?
Active first, then passive (passive will have ~5 degree increase)
What is the normal angle between the tibia and femur?
15 degrees
What is the normal ROM for flexion at the knee?
130 degrees of flexion
What is normal ROM for extension at the knee?
Full extension/ 10-15 degrees of hyperextension
What is the normal ROM for internal rotation?
20-30 degrees
What is the normal ROM for external rotation?
30-40 degrees
What is the Ballottement test?
Test for large effusion or excess fluid in the knee
What does the bulge sign assess for?
Minor effusions of the knee
What does the McMurray test evaluate for?
Torn meniscus (medial) in the knee on the posterior side
What does the anterior drawer test for?
ACL tear
What does the posterior drawer test for?
PCL tear
What does the Lachman test for?
ACL
*This test is done with less flexion compared to the Anterior drawer; thus, hamstrings are more relaxed & may be a better test
What does the Varus stress test, test for?
LCL
What does the Valgus stress test, test for?
MCL
What does the Apley compression test evaluate for?
Torn medial or lateral menisci
What does the Apley distraction test evaluate for?
Ligamentous injury to the knee
What is a claw toe?
Hyperextension of the MTP joint with flexion of the toe’s proximal and distal joints
What is a clubfoot?
A fixed congenital defect of the ankle and foot
What is hallux valgus?
Lateral deviation of the great toe with overlapping of the second toe
What is Legg-Calve Perthes Disease?
AVN of the femoral head
What is a mallet toe?
Flexion deformity of the DIP joint of the foot
What is metatarsus adductus?`
Most common deformity of the foot, marked by the middle bones of the foot pointing toward the body
What is Osgood Schlatter Disease?
Overuse injury of adolescents that causes painful swelling of the knee due to apophyseal traction of the anterior aspect of the tibial tubercle
What is pes cavus?
High arch
What is pes planus?
Fallen arches
