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Clinical Medicine > Exam #2: Eye > Flashcards

Exam #2: Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness in individuals under 65 in the US?

A

Diabetes

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2
Q

What type of vision loss occurs in Macular Degeneration?

A

Central vision loss

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3
Q

What is the hallmark of Glaucoma, and what type of vision loss occurs?

A
  • Elevated intra-ocular pressure

- Peripheral vision loss

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4
Q

What is the most likely cause of transient vision loss in the young?

A

Migraine

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5
Q

What causes transient vision loss in the elderly?

A

Emboli & TIA

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6
Q

Flashes of light are a red flag for_____?

A

Retinal Detachment

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of exopthalmos?

A

Thyroid Disease

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8
Q

What are the causes of diplopia?

A
  • One eye optical problem

- Two eye alignment problem

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9
Q

What cardiac symptoms can eye medications cause?

A

BOTH bradycardia and tachycardia

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10
Q

What do you use to evert the upper eyelid?

A

Cotton-tip applicator

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11
Q

Snellen Eye Chart

A

typical visual acuity exam

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12
Q

Numerator in Snellen Eye Chart

A

Distance from chart

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13
Q

Denominator in Snellen Eye Chart

A

Distance the average eye can read the chart

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14
Q

Rosenbaum Chart

A

Tests near vision with hand held chart

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15
Q

What three nerves control extra-ocular movement?

A

CN III, IV, and VI

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16
Q

How do you test EOM?

A

Draw and “X” then a cross

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17
Q

Visual Fields by Confrontation

A

Peripheral vision test

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18
Q

Accommodation Testing or Near Reaction Testing

A

Checking to see if the eyes will converge & pupils will constrict

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19
Q

In accommodation testing, what should happen when the patient looks at your fingers?

A

Eyes converge and pupils constrict

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20
Q

In accommodation testing, what should happen when the patient looks at the wall?

A

Eyes diverge and pupils dilate

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21
Q

Direct pupillary response to light

A

Constriction of the pupil being tested in response to light

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22
Q

Consensual response to light

A

Constriction of the pupil opposite of the one being shined with light

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23
Q

Lateral Penlight Test

A

Estimates depth of anterior chamber

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24
Q

When should you do the lateral penlight test?

A

Before applying mydriatic drops

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25
Q

What is a normal lateral penlight test?

A

When the entire iris lights up

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26
Q

If the lateral penlight test is abnormal, what does this mean?

A

DO NOT give mydriatic drops, patient at risk of acute-angle glaucoma

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27
Q

Swinging Light Test

A

Test for functional impairment of the optic nerves

28
Q

Abnormal Swinging Light Test

A
  • Shine light in one eye and then switch to other eye
  • Second eye should constrict
  • Transition back to first
  • If eye DILATES then abnormal and afferent defect
29
Q

Corneal Light Reflex

A

Tests for ocular alignment

30
Q

Normal Corneal Light Reflex

A

Light reflects from center of both pupils

31
Q

Esotropia

A
  • Eye turned IN

- Light reflex is LATERAL

32
Q

Exotropia

A
  • Eye turned OUT

- Light reflex is MEDIAL

33
Q

Cover test

A

Test used to detect tropia

34
Q

Tropia

A

full-time eye misdirection

35
Q

Sensory Nerve in Corneal Sensitivity

A

CN V

36
Q

Motor Nerve in Corneal Sensitivity

A

CN VII

37
Q

Cover- Uncover Test

A

Test used to detect phoria

38
Q

Phoria

A

eye movement because of disturbance in binocular vision

39
Q

Small Light Source

A

use when room not dimmed or small pupils

40
Q

Large Light Source

A

use for dilated pupils

41
Q

Green Light

A

use for drusen bodies, nerve fiber defects, & blood

42
Q

GRID pattern

A

use to identify size of a lesion

43
Q

Slit

A

used to examine anterior chamber/ corneal injury

44
Q

Blue

A

used to examine corneal abrasion

45
Q

Myopic

A

near-sighted- red lens

46
Q

Hyperopic

A

far-sighted- black lens

47
Q

Red Reflex

A
  • Single most important screening tool for infants and young children
  • Light strikes retina and bounces back
48
Q

Epicanthal Fold

A
  • Vertical fold of skin nasally that covers the lacrimal caruncle
  • Normal Variant in Asians
49
Q

What is a normal red reflex?

A

an equal & bilateral reflection from the fundus

50
Q

Leukocoria

A
  • a white reflex instead of red reflex
  • caused by congenital cataract or retinoblastoma
  • refer to Ophthamologist
51
Q

When is visual fixation well developed?

A

6-9 weeks

52
Q

When does visual following start?

A

3 months

53
Q

When do accommodation and stereopsis start?

A

4 months

54
Q

When is poor fixation considered pathologic?

A
  • Beyond 6 months

- Refer to Ophthalmology

55
Q

Newborn visual acuity

A

20/400 - 20/800

56
Q

When does visual acuity normalize?

A

~ 3 years (20/40)

57
Q

Strabismus

A

Misalignment of the eyes

58
Q

Esotropia

A

misalignment of the eyes inward

59
Q

Exotropia

A

misalignment of the eyes outward

60
Q

Hypertropia

A

misalignment of the eyes upward

61
Q

Hypotropia

A

misalignment of the eyes downward

62
Q

Pseudostrabisumus

A
  • Appearance of misalignment of the eyes without actual strabismus present
  • Light reflection occurs in the same place in both eyes
63
Q

Amblyopia

A
  • Loss of visual acuity due to active cortical suppression of the vision of the eye
  • Can be caused by strabismus (misalignment of the eye)
64
Q

Single most effective screening test for amblyopia?

A

Visual acuity via noninvasive screening

65
Q

What are the three requirements for normal visual development?

A

1) Clear retinal image
2) Equal image clarity
3) Proper eye alignment

Clinical Medicine (27 decks)

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