Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbio 3220 > Exam 4 - Lecture 21 > Flashcards

Exam 4 - Lecture 21 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main modes of pathogen transmission?

A
  • airborne
  • contact (direct and indirect)
  • vehicle (food and water)
  • vector borne (arthropod and zoonotic)
  • vertical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the disease influenza is caused by the:

A

influenza virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the first record pandemic of the flu was recorded in what year?

A

1580

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the worst flu pandemic killed ____ million people in 1918. it’s aka the __________ flu.

A
  • 50 million
  • Spanish flu
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the three groups of influenza?

A

A, B, and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

true or false: influenza has a DNA segmented genome.

A

false; its an RNA virus (but yes, segmented)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what family does the influenza virus belong to?

A

Orthomyxoviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

influenza virus is typically ___ segments of _____

A

8 segments of RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

influenza typically has how many genes/proteins?

A

11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the two viral proteins in the envelope of the influenza virus?

A
  • hemagglutinin (HA; 16 types)
  • neuraminidase (NA; 9 types)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

strains of influenza are classified based on their combination of _______ types (H1N1, H3N2, etc.).

A

HA/NA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

in viral replication, HA attaches to _________ ______ ___________

A

sialic acid receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in viral replication, NA protein does what?

A

cleaves receptors, releasing new virions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is antigenic drift?

A
  • accumulation of mutations in a strain
  • nucleotide/amino acid changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is antigenic shift?

A
  • reassortment of genomes (8 RNAs)
  • two different strains of flu viruses infect the same cell and are incorporated into a single new capsid (like human + pig or bird strain)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the best line of defense against influenza is:

A

vaccination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are two antiviral drugs found in flu vaccines?

A
  • Tamiflu
  • NA inhibitors (prevents release of new virions)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are arboviruses?

A
  • arthropod-borne diseases
  • viruses transmitted from one vertebrate to another by bloodsucking arthropods
19
Q

_____ _______ is spread through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. it can also be spread by what?

A
  • zika virus
  • sex with an infected person, pregnant woman to fetus, and laboratory exposure
20
Q

many people infected with zika virus are ____________.

A

asymptomatic

21
Q

zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause:

A

microcephaly and other severe birth defects

22
Q

how does contact transmission occur?

A
  • coming together or touching of source/reservoir and host
  • direct and indirect
23
Q

what is direct contact transmission?

A

physical interaction between source and host
- kissing, touching, sexual contact
- contact with bodily fluids, open wounds

24
Q

what is indirect contact transmission?

A
  • involves an intermediate (usually inanimate)
  • eating utensils, bedding, syringes
25
Q

what does AIDS stand for?

A

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

26
Q

what causes AIDS?

A

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

27
Q

AIDS only develops at _______ stages of HIV infection.

A

latter

28
Q

true or false: AIDS allows opportunistic pathogens to infect.

A

true

29
Q

HIV leads to the __________ of the immune system.

A

collapse

30
Q

what family is HIV part of? what kind of genome does it have?

A
  • Retroviridae family
  • RNA (+) virus
31
Q

how many copies of its genome does HIV have?

A

two

32
Q

the attachment of the HIV virion to human cells is mediated by _______, which attaches to CD4 receptors

A

gp120

33
Q

what are the core proteins of the HIV virion core?

A
  • P24
  • P17
  • P9
  • P7
34
Q

what is the precursor polyprotein for the virion core proteins of HIV? this polyprotein is processed by _____ __________

A
  • Gag
  • HIV protease
35
Q

what are three important enzymes that HIV carries into the host cell?

A
  • reverse transcriptase
  • integrase
  • protease
36
Q

the RNA genome of HIV is __________ transcribed into ______, which integrates into human genome as a __________.

A
  • reverse
  • dsDNA
  • provirus
37
Q

true or false: HIV cannot remain latent/have asymptomatic effects.

A

false; it can totally do that

38
Q

what classifies the acute stage of HIV-related symptoms?

A
  • 2-8 weeks after infection
  • most experience brief illness called acute retroviral syndrome
  • rapid multiplication and dissemination of virus throughout the body
39
Q

what classifies the chronic symptomatic stage of HIV-related conditions?

A
  • viral replication continues
  • can last from months to years
  • number of CD4+ cells in blood significantly decrease
40
Q

what major groups of viruses are the main causes of gastroenteritis?

A
  • rotavirus
  • adenovirus
  • astrovirus
  • norovirus
41
Q

what are Select Agents?

A

RNA viruses that can potentially used as bioweapons
- Ebola and Marburg viruses
- Rabies virus

42
Q

what family is the Ebola virus that causes Ebola hemorrhagic fever a part of? what kind of genome does it have?

A
  • Filioviridae
  • single stranded, negative sense RNA
43
Q

Ebola hemorrhagic fever is ____% fatal and causes __________ _______________

A
  • 80%
  • internal hemorrhaging
44
Q

what is the name of the Ebola vaccine? (page 53, lots of other info there)

A

Ervebo

Microbio 3220 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions