Exam 1 - Lecture 1 Flashcards
match the following:
a.) cellular
b.) acellular
1.) nonliving
2.) living, have metabolic functions
a2.) cellular are living and have metabolic functions
b1.) acellular are nonliving
what are the four types of acellular organisms?
viruses
viroids
satellites
prions
what is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
prokaryotes do not have a membrane delimited nucleus, eukaryotes always do
what are the three domains of life (what are LUCA’s first few descendants)?
bacteria
archaea
eukarya
what is the three domain system based off of?
it’s based on a comparison of rRNA genes
what do cyanobacteria produce?
large amounts of oxygen
what two categories can eukarya be split into?
protists and fungi
what microbes need a host cell to replicate?
viruses
how old is the oldest fossil on earth, and what was it?
a 3.5 byr old microbe fossil named Swartkoppie chert
what was the earliest molecule on earth?
- RNA
the earliest cells might have been RNA surrounded by ___________
liposomes
what ribonucleotide is a currency for energy?
adenosine 5’ triphosphate
what is the endosymbiotic hypothesis? what two organelles are hypothesized to have come from this theory?
- bacteria were engulfed by larger cells and the bacteria became the organelles
- mitochondria and chloroplasts
what do mitochondria and chloroplasts contain that supports the endosymbiotic theory?
DNA/RNA
how long is 16S rRNA?
what are its roles?
- 1500 bp long
- has a structural role as scaffolding for ribosomal proteins