Exam 4- Lactation Flashcards

1
Q

what two hormones are the key players in lactation?

A

oxytocin
prolactin

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2
Q

when does lobuloalveolar growth occur?

A

during pregnancy

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3
Q

what is colostrum rich in?

A

protein
carbohydrate
fat
electrolytes
vitamins

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4
Q

why is colostrum so important for foals, piglets, and ruminants?

A

5-6 layers in placenta inhibit movement of antibodies from maternal blood to fetus through placenta

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5
Q

what immunoglobulin concentrations are elevated in colostrum?

A

IgG, IgM, IgA

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6
Q

what percent of milk is made up by triglycerides?

A

99%

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7
Q

what does prolactin promote?

A

milk synthesis and secretion

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8
Q

what hormones from the pituitary are essential for lactation?

A

prolactin
oxytocin
ACTH (and cortisol)
antidiuretic hormone

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9
Q

what hormones suppress lactation?

A

estrogen
progesterone
catecholamines (SNS)

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10
Q

why are glucocorticoids important in lactation?

A

required for onset and maintenance of lactation
promote actions of prolactin

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11
Q

how does aldosterone help lactation?

A

maintains blood volume and pressure

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12
Q

what does lactation do with antidiuretic hormone?

A

enhances ADH release, which decreases urinary water loss

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13
Q

what does parathyroid hormone have to do with lactation?

A

increases calcium availability

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14
Q

is insulin required for lactation?

A

yes

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15
Q

is parathyroid hormone required for lactation?

A

no

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16
Q

how does dopamine impact prolactin?

A

inhibits its secretion

17
Q

what hormones does suckling release?

A

endorphins
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

18
Q

what is the major inhibitor of prolactin?

A

dopamine

19
Q

are prolactin receptors and prolactin a positive or negative feedback system?

A

positive feedback system

20
Q

how does a supplemental nursing system affect oxytocin release?

A

inhibits it

21
Q

how does oxytocin cause milk ejection or milk letdown?

A

contracts myoepithelial cells around alveoli and ducts of mammary glands

22
Q

what does it mean for something to be galactopoietic?

A

helps to promote milk production and secretion

23
Q

why must insulin be kept in a narrow range for lactation?

A

too much leads to hypoglycemia which leads to a decrease in lactation
too little leads to decreased mammary glucose uptake which leads to a decrease in lactation

24
Q

how does seratonin 5-HT impact prolactin?

A

increases it

25
Q

how does thyrotropin releasing hormone impact prolactin?

A

an increase stimulates it

26
Q

what two things is L-DOPA turned into? how do they impact prolactin?

A

dopamine
bromocriptine
both inhibit it

27
Q

how can sympathetic activation and subsequent catecholamine release inhibit milk ejection?

A

block oxytocin release
vasoconstrict mammary arterioles
antagonize action of oxytocin on mammary myoepithelial cells