Exam 4- Female Reproductive Physiology II

Question 1

what is the GnRH release from the tonic center like?

Answer 1

low amplitude
increased frequency during follicular phase

Question 2

what is the GnRH release from the surge center like? what are the results?

Answer 2

high amplitude and high frequency
results in luteinizing hormone surge- ovulation

Question 3

which follicle ovulates?

Answer 3

only growing dominant one

Question 4

what can exogenous follicle stimulating hormone be used for?

Answer 4

superovulation

Question 5

what does inhibin released from the growing follicles do?

Answer 5

negative feedback on follicle stimulating hormone from pituitary

Question 6

what are the large selecting and dominant follicles dependent on?

Answer 6

become dependent on luteinizing hormone, not follicle stimulating hormone

Question 7

what is luteinizing hormone regulated by?

Answer 7

pulses of GnRH
negative feedback via progesterone

Question 8

what do growing follicles release that regulate follicle stimulating hormone?

Answer 8

estrogen
inhibin

Question 9

can follicular wave formation occur outside of the estrous cycle? can ovulation?

Answer 9

yes
no

Question 10

when can follicular wave formation occur outside of the estrous cycle?

Answer 10

prior to puberty
during pregnancy
during anestrus
puerperium (just after delivery)

Question 11

is diapedesis- proestrus in dogs- menstrual bleeding?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

what is the bleeding of dogs in proestrus related to?

Answer 12

diapedesis of red blood cells from capillaries/venules of uterine endometrium/vaginal mucosa under influence of estradiol 17beta

Question 13

what does luteinizing hormone stimulate theca cells to produce?

Answer 13

testosterone

Question 14

what does follicle stimulating hormone stimulate granulosa cells to produce? what does it do?

Answer 14

aromatase
converts testosterone to estrogen

Question 15

what does estrogen do to the reproductive tract?

Answer 15

increases blood flow- hyperemia
genital swelling/repro tract edema
electrical conductivity changes
leucocytosis
increased mucosal secretion
uterine gland growth
elevated myometrial tone

Question 16

what is leucocytosis?

Answer 16

increased white blood cells in submucosa

Question 17

what hormone levels is estrous behavior related to in most mammalian species?

Answer 17

fall in progesterone and rise in estrogen

Question 18

when does estrous behavior occur in the female?

Answer 18

only during estrus

Question 19

what is lordosis?

Answer 19

a receptive female “standing” for the male

Question 20

what “masculinizes” the brain?

Answer 20

estradiol: testosterone converted to by aromatase

Question 21

where do the sensory impulses in induced ovulators go?

Answer 21

hypothalamus surge center

Question 22

what does human chorionic gonadotropin do?

Answer 22

acts like luteinizing hormone
attaches to luteinizing hormone receptors

Question 23

what is the path of impulses in induced ovulators when they are mated?

Answer 23

copulation
sensory impulses to spinal cord
hypothalamus surge center

Question 24

what is secreted in induced ovulators if a large enough stimulus is received?

Answer 24

a lot GnRH secreted
leads to LH surge/spike
leads to ovulation

Question 25

what induces GnRH to be released in high amplitude and frequency from the surge center?

Answer 25

high estrogen and low progesterone