Exam 4- Histology Male Flashcards
what are the two parts of the vaginal tunic?
parietal part
visceral part
does the vaginal process in the female dog go through the inguinal canal?
yes
is the cremaster muscle outside of the parietal vaginal tunic?
yes
what are the layers of the scrotum?
skin
tunica dartos
spermatic fascia
parietal vaginal tunic
vaginal cavity
visceral vaginal tunic
tunica albuginea
____ is a connection between the seminiferous tubules and efferent tubules
rete
what is at the edges of the seminiferous tubules?
basal lamina with smooth muscle/myoid cells (peritubular cells)
what do you need to generate future sperm?
spermatogonia
what is the order of substances/cells that are most susceptible to damage?
sperm>spermatogonia>sertoli cells>leydig cells
what are the two cell types for spermatocytogenesis?
spermatogonia
spermatocytes
what type of division do spermatogonia undergo?
mitotic
what type of division do spermatocytes undergo?
meiosis I and II
what does the final division of spermatogonia type B result in?
primary spermatocytes
when does meiosis in spermatocytes start?
puberty
are primary spermatocytes visible in cross sections and where do they lie?
yes- always
not next to basal lamina
what is the chromatin pattern for primary spermatocytes?
condensed due to prolonged prophase I of meiosis
why are secondary spermatocytes rarely seen in histological sections?
complete meiosis II rapidly
what is spermiogenesis?
transformation from round spermatids to sperm
what specifically happens in spermiogenesis?
acrosomal cap and granules
centrioles: implantation site and axoneme
elongation nucleus
migration mitochondria to midpiece
flagella
what are the nuclear changes in spermiogenesis?
nucleus elongated and chromatin condensed
when do the cytoplasmic bridges between sperm break down?
spermiation
where are sertoli cells located?
extend from basement membrane to luminal surface
what do sertoli cells do?
form tight junctions- blood-testis barrier
produce AMH/MIS in fetus and adult and androgen binding protein (ABP) (and others)
where are leydig cells located?
between seminiferous tubules
what do leydig cells produce?
testosterone and estrogens under control of LH
what are the cells in the efferent ducts?
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
smooth muscle cells surround
short absorptive cells
taller ciliated cells
what are the epithelial cells in the epididymis called? Do they have apical modifications?
principal cells
yes- stereocilia
where is there a thick muscular layer in the male reproductive tract?
ductus deferens/vas deferens
what is the mucosa in the ductus deferens?
pseudostratified columnar epithelium with long stereocilia
in what species is the vesicular gland an actual sac instead of a coiling tube?
horse
where do the tubuloalveolar glands of the prostate empty into?
independent excretory ducts
what are the cells that line the secretory ducts of the dog prostate?
simple columnar epithelium then transitional epithelium near openings of ducts into urethra
does the cat prostate encircle the urethra?
no
what is the bulbourethral gland like in the pig?
huge gland runs length of pelvic urethra dorsal to urethra
what erectile tissue surrounds the urethra in the dog?
corpus spongiosum
what surrounds the corpus cavernosum?
tunica albuginea
what keeps the walls of the blood sinuses of erectile tissue toned and spaces small?
sympathetic tone
where is the rete located?
in the mediastinum
what forms the primordial germ cells in the testis?
spermatogonia
what connects cells from a common progenitor in the testis?
cytoplasmic bridges
how are round spermatids formed?
secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis II
true/false: round spermatids and elongated spermatids are connected by cytoplasmic bridges
true
what is formed in elongated spermatids?
acrosome cap and tail
what do centrioles form in spermiogenesis?
implantation site
axoneme
what are the components of the sperm midpiece/tail?
capitulum
midpiece
tail
what are proximal cytoplasmic droplets found on ejaculated sperm considered to be?
sperm defects
where is the tunica albuginea located in relation to the visceral vaginal tunic?
right underneath
how can you identify primary spermatocytes?
do not lie next to basal lamina
condensed chromatin, can sometimes see mitotic figures
larger than spermatogonia
after meiosis, what is the specialized process for differentiation that spermatids go through to become mature spermatozoa?
spermiogenesis
where do sperm develop in relation to sertoli cells?
in between them
what apical modification do principal cells in the epididymis have?
stereocilia
what animals have only a body of the prostate?
dog
cat
stallion
what animals have only a disseminate part of the prostate?
small ruminants
what glands make up the bulbourethral gland?
compound tubular glands in boar and cat
tubulo-alveolar glands in stallion, bull, and ram
what region in the male reproductive tract has cilia (not stereocilia)?
efferent ducts
what is in the midpiece of the sperm?
mitochondria arranged in a helix over axoneme
