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OSSF 2 > Exam 4- Female Reproductive Physiology I > Flashcards

Exam 4- Female Reproductive Physiology I Flashcards

1
Q

what is an estrous cycle?

A

period of heat, followed by ovulation and complex changes of the uterine lining

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2
Q

what is the physiology definition of an estrous cycle?

A

repeating physiological changes that are influenced by hormones controlling reproduction in placental animals other than humans and greater apes

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3
Q

what does the estrous cycle include?

A

behavioral heat/estrus
estrous cycle is events between two heats/estrus
ovulation
changes in uterus

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4
Q

what hormones control the estrous cycle?

A

ovarian and CNS hormones

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5
Q

what is anestrus?

A

time when animal not exhibiting estrous cycles
ovulatory follicles/corpora lutea not present

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6
Q

is anestrous part of the estrous cycle?

A

no

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7
Q

what animals have a polyestrus estrous cycle?

A

cows and pigs

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8
Q

what animal has a seasonally polyestrus estrous cycle- long day- spring breeding?

A

mare

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9
Q

what animals have a seasonally polyestrus estrous cycle- short day- fall breeding?

A

sheep and goats

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10
Q

what animal has a monestrus estrous cycle?

A

dog

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11
Q

what is transition?

A

right before and right after anestrus

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12
Q

who has transition periods?

A

irregular estrous cycle animals- short and longs cycles and silent heats

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13
Q

when does the follicular phase occur?

A

between luteolysis and ovulation

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14
Q

what does FSH induce without progesterone in the follicular phase?

A

ovulatory (Graafian) follicle

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15
Q

what does the ovulatory follicle produce?

A

estrogen

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16
Q

what does estrogen elicit in the follicular phase?

A

heat/estrus

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17
Q

without ______________, LH can spike, inducing _______________

A

progesterone
ovulation

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18
Q

what happens in the luteal phase?

A

growth and development of the corpus luteum
progesterone produced by corpus luteum
progesterone leads to changes in uterus
prostaglandin F2 alpha lyses corpus luteum

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19
Q

during the luteal phase, there is still some ____________________, but ___________________ do not form

A

follicular growth
ovulatory follicles

20
Q

when does proestrus end?

A

at onset of estrus

21
Q

during proestrus, ____________________ grow

A

preovulatory follicles

22
Q

when does proestrus begin?

A

at luteolysis

23
Q

what hormone influences the development of the ovulatory follicle, and therefore the start of the increase of estrogen production?

A

follicle stimulating hormone

24
Q

what is the primary hormone in estrus?

A

estrogen

25
Q

what induces ovulation?

A

luteinizing hormone spike

26
Q

when does ovulation occur?

A

at end of estrus

27
Q

when does metestrus occur?

A

ovulation to development of corpus luteum and progesterone dominance

28
Q

what is formed in the metestrus phase?

A

corpus luteum

29
Q

what starts to be secreted during metestrus?

A

progesterone

30
Q

what is the longest stage of the estrous cycle?

A

diestrus

31
Q

what happens during diestrus if pregnancy is not established?

A

corpus luteum is lysed

32
Q

what is spontaneous ovulation?

A

ovulation occurs whether or not female mates
corpus luteum is produced
progesterone produced by corpus luteum

33
Q

what is induced ovulation?

A

female must be mated to induce ovulation
physical stimulation
semen factors: ovulation induction factor

34
Q

what species have induced ovulation?

A

domestic cat, camelids, rabbits, ferrits

35
Q

true/false: a domestic cat will not form a corpus luteum (and therefore no progesterone or diestrus) unless she is mated

A

true

36
Q

what happens if a ferret is not bred?

A

prolonged estrus
estrogen production

37
Q

what is special about rats?

A

corpus luteum only lasts 4 days
will persist if mates: depends on prolactin production

38
Q

is there estrus during the menstrual cycle?

A

no

39
Q

what hormones play a role in the follicular phase?

A

decrease progesterone
increase GnRH
stimulates release FSH and LH

40
Q

what does the dominant follicle secrete in the follicular phase?

A

E2 and inhibin

41
Q

what stimulates the release of PGF2-alpha from the uterus in luteolysis?

A

oxytocin

42
Q

what is the feedback in ruminant luteolysis?

A

double positive feedback

43
Q

what happens when progesterone is no longer being produced?

A

no more negative feedback on hypothalamus
increase in GnRH leads to increased FSH and LH
increased follicular growth and production estradiol from follicles

44
Q

what does increased estradiol lead to?

A

estrus
surge of GnRH from surge center
surge of LH
ovulation

45
Q

what happens to ferrets if there are not mated?

A

prolonged estrus and estrogen production

46
Q

what lyses the corpus luteum?

A

prostaglandin F2 alpha

OSSF 2 (19 decks)

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