Exam 4- Female Reproductive Physiology III

Question 1

what substances does a surge in LH lead to?

Answer 1

histamine
prostaglandin E2
PGF2-alpha

Question 2

what leads to increased follicular pressure?

Answer 2

histamine
PGE2
PGF2-alpha

Question 3

following the LH surge, theca cells change from producing ___________ to producing ____________

Answer 3

testosterone
progesterone

Question 4

what is the production of progesterone necessary for?

Answer 4

production collagenase from theca interna cells

Question 5

what is the stigma?

Answer 5

where rupture of follicle occurs allowing ovulation

Question 6

what does the LH surge lead to with the surface epithelium?

Answer 6

production collagenase and destruction granulosa cells

Question 7

what stages of meiosis does the oocyte proceed through without fertilization?

Answer 7

meiosis I and meiosis II until metaphase II (arrested)

Question 8

true/false: meiosis II occurs with or without fertilization

Answer 8

false: only in full with fertilization

Question 9

what is a corpus hemorrhagicum?

Answer 9

when follicle ruptures, thecal vessels invade the follicle and some rupture

Question 10

what does corpus luteum efficacy depend on?

Answer 10

size
vascularization

Question 11

what is progesterone synthesized from?

Answer 11

cholesterol

Question 12

what do progesterone levels do during metestrus?

Answer 12

rise steadily

Question 13

when do the highest levels of progesterone occur?

Answer 13

diestrus

Question 14

do you get ovulation with tonic GnRH?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

what are the inhibitory effects of progesterone?

Answer 15

reduces GnRH pulse frequency
prevents LH preovulatory surge
prevents behavioral estrus
reduces myometrial contractions

Question 16

what does it mean that progesterone exerts a positive priming effect on the brain?

Answer 16

enhances the effects of estrogen during estrus

Question 17

do polyestrous animals have anestrous?

Answer 17

no- always cycling

Question 18

__________ neurons respond differently in short versus long day breeders to the same light levels

Answer 18

kisspectin

Question 19

what does the pineal gland do when more light is sensed?

Answer 19

secretes less melatonin

Question 20

what does low melatonin do in long-day breeders?

Answer 20

results in high kiss-10, leading to GnRH and cycling

Question 21

what does prostaglandin E2 lead to?

Answer 21

increased blood flow to ovary and dominant follicle
hyperemia, edema

Question 22

what does histamine (ovarian origin) lead to?

Answer 22

increased vascular permeability
edema
increased follicular pressure

Question 23

what does meloxicam do?

Answer 23

NSAID
blocks PGF2alpha involved with cumulus expansion

Question 24

what does the LH surge do to the gap junctions between the granulosa cells and the oocyte?

Answer 24

cumulus expansion
dissociation of cumulus from mural granulosa cells

Question 25

what does the LH surge do with meiosis?

Answer 25

removal meiotic inhibition so oocyte can proceed through meiosis I

Question 26

what is cholesterol turned into in the process of producing progesterone?

Answer 26

cholesterol into mitochondria: converted into pregnenolone

Question 27

what is the CL resistant to in the first 5-7 days of progesterone production?

Answer 27

PGF2-alpha