Exam 4- Female Reproductive Physiology III Flashcards
what substances does a surge in LH lead to?
histamine
prostaglandin E2
PGF2-alpha
what leads to increased follicular pressure?
histamine
PGE2
PGF2-alpha
following the LH surge, theca cells change from producing ___________ to producing ____________
testosterone
progesterone
what is the production of progesterone necessary for?
production collagenase from theca interna cells
what is the stigma?
where rupture of follicle occurs allowing ovulation
what does the LH surge lead to with the surface epithelium?
production collagenase and destruction granulosa cells
what stages of meiosis does the oocyte proceed through without fertilization?
meiosis I and meiosis II until metaphase II (arrested)
true/false: meiosis II occurs with or without fertilization
false: only in full with fertilization
what is a corpus hemorrhagicum?
when follicle ruptures, thecal vessels invade the follicle and some rupture
what does corpus luteum efficacy depend on?
size
vascularization
what is progesterone synthesized from?
cholesterol
what do progesterone levels do during metestrus?
rise steadily
when do the highest levels of progesterone occur?
diestrus
do you get ovulation with tonic GnRH?
no
what are the inhibitory effects of progesterone?
reduces GnRH pulse frequency
prevents LH preovulatory surge
prevents behavioral estrus
reduces myometrial contractions
what does it mean that progesterone exerts a positive priming effect on the brain?
enhances the effects of estrogen during estrus
do polyestrous animals have anestrous?
no- always cycling
__________ neurons respond differently in short versus long day breeders to the same light levels
kisspectin
what does the pineal gland do when more light is sensed?
secretes less melatonin
what does low melatonin do in long-day breeders?
results in high kiss-10, leading to GnRH and cycling
what does prostaglandin E2 lead to?
increased blood flow to ovary and dominant follicle
hyperemia, edema
what does histamine (ovarian origin) lead to?
increased vascular permeability
edema
increased follicular pressure
what does meloxicam do?
NSAID
blocks PGF2alpha involved with cumulus expansion
what does the LH surge do to the gap junctions between the granulosa cells and the oocyte?
cumulus expansion
dissociation of cumulus from mural granulosa cells
what does the LH surge do with meiosis?
removal meiotic inhibition so oocyte can proceed through meiosis I
what is cholesterol turned into in the process of producing progesterone?
cholesterol into mitochondria: converted into pregnenolone
what is the CL resistant to in the first 5-7 days of progesterone production?
PGF2-alpha
