Exam 4- Female Reproductive Histology Flashcards
what are the primary germ cells in females?
oogonia
what forms the follicles?
oocyte (cluster oogonia) and surrounding granulosa cells
when does meiosis start in females?
at gestation
at what stage do oocytes remain until sexual maturity?
prophase I of meiosis I
what does it mean that females have unequal cytokinesis?
majority of cytoplasm to secondary oocyte
small daughter cell- first polar body
does meiosis finish without fertilization?
no- not meiosis II
at what stage is the oocyte arrested in most mammals?
metaphase II- has first polar body with secondary oocyte
do ova with their second polar bodies occur in the ovary?
no- fertilized and in the oviduct
what is the outermost layer of the ovary?
germinal epithelium
is the primary follicle responsive to hormones or gondadotropins?
no
what do luteal cells produce in the corpus luteum?
progesterone
what develops in the secondary follicle/late primary?
zona pelucida
theca cells
is the secondary follicle responsive to hormones and gonadotropins?
yes
what does aromatase produced by the granulosa cells do?
converts androgens to estrogen
where does fertilization take place?
ampulla of oviduct
where does capacitation take place in many animals?
isthmus of oviduct
what are the three layers of the oviduct?
inner mucosal layer
middle muscular layer
outer serosal layer
what two main cell types are in the mucosa of the oviduct?
simple columnar ciliated epithelial cells
secretory epithelial cells called “peg” cells
what makes up the muscular layer of the oviduct?
inner circular layer
outer longitudinal layer
what are the three main layers of the uterus?
mucosal: endometrium
fibromuscular: myometrium
outer serosal layer: perimetrium
what are the two layers of the endometrium?
epithelium
lamina propria
what are the three layers of the myometrium of the uterus?
stratum submucosum
stratum vasculare
stratum subserosum
does the cervix have a muscularis layer?
no
what is the uterine response to estrogen?
mucosa thickens
uterine glands elongate
myometrium becomes contractile
is the cervix secretory?
during estrus and pregnancy
what are the layers of the vagina?
tunica mucosa
tunica muscularis
tunica serosa
what happens in the vagina during estrus (and proestrus)?
epithelium thickens and cornifies
what are the secretory units of mammary glands?
alveoli
where does each lactiferous duct empty into?
individual teat canal
what are the secretory cuboidal or columnar epithelial cells in the alveoli responsive to?
prolactin
what are the fetal membranes?
amnion
chorion
yolk sac
allantois
what are the classifications of placentas based on gross shape?
diffuse
cotyledonary
zonary
discoid
who has binucleate giant cells?
ruminants
how many large blood vessels are in the umbilical cord?
four
how can you recognize a primordial follicle?
surrounded by single layer of flat stromal cells
contain primary oocytes
in what phase are primary oocytes arrested?
prophase I of meiosis I
how can you recognize a primary follicle? what does it contain?
single layer cuboidal granulosa cells surround
primary oocyte
how can you recognize a secondary follicle?
multiple layers granulosa cells
development zona pellucida and theca cells
how can you recognize a tertiary follicle?
antrum develops
theca interna and externa differentiate
what does the theca interna produce?
androgens/testosterone
when does the oocyte complete meiosis I?
graafian follicle
what do mural (granulosa) cells produce?
aromatase
what performs luteolysis?
prostaglandin F2alpha
who secretes placental lactogen?
ruminants
