Exam 4 - Chapter 14. Head and Neck Flashcards
1
Q
2
What are 4 ulcerative conditions?
A
2
Q
2
What is an ulcer?
A
3
Q
2
What is another name for immune mediated ulcers?
A
4
Q
2
What is the name for viral and fungal infectious ulcers?
A
5
Q
2
What is another name for neoplastic ulcers?
A
6
Q
3
What is one of the most common oral mucosal pathoses?
A
7
Q
3
What percent of the population is affected by recurrent apthous ulcers?
A
8
Q
3
What percent of people get their first apthous ulcer before age 30?
A
9
Q
3
What age group are recurrent apthous ulcers seen more frequently in?
A
10
Q
3
Are recurrent apthous ulcers painful?
A
11
Q
4
What is another name for recurrent apthous ulcers?
A
12
Q
4
Recurrent apthous ulcers are found on what kind of mucosa?
A
13
Q
4
Are recurrent apthous ulcers preceeded by vesicles?
A
14
Q
4
Are minor type recurrent apthous ulcers solitary or seen with others?
A
15
Q
4
What is the diameter of minor type recurrent apthous ulcers?
A
16
Q
4
What is the shape of the border in minor type recurrent apthous ulcers?
A
17
Q
4
How long does it take for minor type recurrent apthous ulcers to heal? Does a scar form?
A
18
Q
4
What is the diameter of major type recurrent apthous ulcers?
A
19
Q
4
How long does it take for major type recurrent apthous ulcers to heal? Is there a scar?
A
20
Q
4
Are there single or multiple herpetiform type recurrent apthous ulcers?
A
21
Q
4
What is the diameter of herpetiform type recurrent apthous ulcers?
A
22
Q
4
Is there a scar formed from herpetiform type apthous ulcers?
A
23
Q
4
What is the cause (or proposed cause) or recurrent apthous ulcers?
A
24
Q
4
What are four things that can precipitate recurrent apthous ulcers?
A
25
4
What is the quote for what precipitates recurrent apthous ulcers?
26
4
Which type of recurrent apthous ulcer is debilitating?
27
4
Recurrent apthous ulcers are more severe in patients with what?
28
4
Does the incidence of recurrent apthous ulcers increase or decrease with age?
29
4
Is the biopsy for recurrent apthous ulcers specific or nonspecific?
30
9
What are the 4 possible treatment options for someone with recurrent apthous ulcers?
31
10
What kind of virus is the Human Herpes Virus Induced Ulcers?
32
10
How many types of Human Herpes Induced Ulcers are there?
33
10
What can all 8 types of Human Herpes Virus Induced Ulcers cause?
34
10
Human Herpes Virus can be shed from _____, ______, or _______.
35
10
What is HHV-1 also known as?
36
12
Viral progeny of HSV-1 productive infection at epithelial cells enters the _________. Then, _____ travel by retrograde transport reaching the nucleus, located in the soma of the neuron at the _______. Here, HSV-1 genome enters the nucleus and remains as an episome in a ______. Under stress conditions, HSV-1 reactivates expressing its genome, and initiating a controlled productive infection in neurons. Then, capsides travel back by _____ reaching the initial site of infection at epithelial cells. The progeny released initiate a ______ at this place.
37
13
What is the symptomatic presentation of Primary Herpetic Virus Infection in children?
38
13
What is the Symptomatic presentation of Primary Herpetic virus infection in adults?
39
13
What age of children are affected by Primary Herpetic virus infection?
40
13
What do primary herpetic virus infections start as, and what do they rupture to form?
41
13
What surfaces can Primary Herpetic virus infection occur on?
42
13
What are two symptoms usually seen in someone with primary herpetic virus infection?
43
13
What is the cause of Primary Herpetic virus infection?
44
13
Describe the healing of Primary Herpetic Virus infection. How long does it take to heal?
45
13
Primary Herpetic Virus
Antivirals should be administered within the first __________ to reduce duration of disease; antibodies provide ______.
46
13
What groups are affected by Secondary herpes simplex infection?
47
13
Secondary herpes simplex infection may have prodromal symptons of _____, _____, or _____, followed by multiple ______ leading to ______.
48
13
What are three areas where Secondary herpes simplex infection are most common?
49
13
What is it called when the fingers are affected by Secondary herpes simplex infection?
50
13
What does secondary herpes simplex infection represent?
51
13
What are 5 causes of Secondary herpes simplex infection?
52
13
Describe the healing of Secondary herpes simplex virus. How long does it take to heal? Is there a scar formed?
53
13
In what stage are the Secondary herpes simplex infections infectious?
54
13
Secondary herpes simplex infection patients must be cautioned against _____.
55
13
Seconary herpes simplex infection can affect any site infected in ______.
56
13
For secondary herpes simplex virus, medication needs to be administed within the first _____.
57
14
What does this describe?
painful, enlarged and erythematous gingiva and yellowish mucosal ulcerations
58
15
What does this describe?
Numerous, coalescing irregular, and yellowish ulcerations on the pharynx and tonsils, in addition to headache and fever?
59
16
What are the only two places where intraoral secondary herpes infection is seen? What is the exception to this rule?
60
16-17
What does this describe?
Multiple coalescing ulcerations on the hard palate
Numerous shallow herpetic erosions on the hard palate
61
18
What does this describe?
Multiple fluid-filed vesicles on the lip vermillion
62
19
For herpes labialis, what two areas do most secondary herpetic lesions occur?
63
19
Do patients with secondary herpetic lesions in herpes labialis have discomfort or any systemic signs/symptoms?
64
19
What is the most infectious stage of herpes labialis?
65
19
Late in the ulcerative stage of herpes labialis, where has the virus likely retreated to?
66
19
When can a patient in the infectious stage of herpes labialis come back for their appointment?
67
20
What does this describe?
Recurrent herpetic infection of the finger
68
21
What happens to the epithelial cells in Herpes Simplex Infection? What does this produce?
69
22
In Herpes Simplex, there are altered epithelial cells exhibiting ______, margination of ______ (_______) and _______.
70
22
When does candida become candidiasis?
71
24
What are the three types of Candidiasis?
72
24
What are the three main predisposing factors for Candidiasis? What are three additional predisposing factors?
73
24
What is the treatment for Candidiasis?
74
25
What age groups is pseudomembranous candidiasis seen in?
75
26
What is characteristic of Erythematous Candidiasis and what are two areas where it can be seen?
76
27
What is characteristic of Hyperplastic Candidiasis?
77
28
Reactive (Proliferative) Lesions:
1. ________
2. __________
3. __________
4. __________
78
28
How do pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, and peripheral giant cell granuloma all present?
79
28
Why is pyogenic granuloma a misnomer?
80
28
Where are peripheral ossifying fibromas and peripheral giant cell granulomas exclusively found?
81
29
What age ranges get fibromas?
82
29
What site do fibromas occur at?
83
29
Clinical Features of Fibromas:
1. _____
2. ______
3. _____
4. _______
5. _______
84
29
What is the histopathology for fibromas?
85
29
What is the treatment for fibromas?
86
29
What 2 age groups are pyogenic granulomas seen in?
87
29
What is the site where pyogenic granulomas are seen?
88
29
Clinical Features of Pyogenic Granuloma:
1. _____
2________
3. ________
4. ________
89
29
What is the histopathology for pyogenic granuloma?
90
29
What is the treatment for pyogenic granuloma?
91
29
What is the age range that peripheral ossifying fibromas are seen in?
92
29
At what site are peripheral ossifying fibromas found?
93
29
Clinical Features of Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma:
1. _________
2. ______
3. ________
94
29
What is the histopathology for Peripheral Ossifying Fibromas?
95
29
What is the treatment for Peripheral Ossifying Fibromas?
96
29
What is the age range for Peripheral Giant Cell Granulomas?
97
29
At what site are Peripheral Giant Cell Granulomas found?
98
29
Clinical Features of Peripheral Giant Cell Granulomas:
1. _______
2. ______
3. _______
99
29
What is the histopathology for Peripheral Giant Cell Granulomas?
100
29
What is the treatment for Peripheral Giant Cell Granulomas?
101
30
What does sessile mean?
102
31
What does pedunculated mean?
103
34
What are two groups that Oral Hairy Leukoplakia is seen in?
104
34
What does Epstein Barr-Virus include?
1. ____
2. _____
3. _______
4. _____
105
35
What is Oral Hair Leukoplakia?
106
35
What are two things seen on the lateral border of the tongue in someone with Oral Hairy Leukoplakia? Can they be scraped off?
107
37
Oral Lesions Assocated with Systemic Infections:
1. ____
2. ______
3. _____-
4. _____
5. ______
108
38
Scarlet Fever is Group ___ Streptococcus.
109
38
What are two assocaited oral changes seen in Scarlet Fever?
110
38
What is Measles?
111
38
What are three oral changes seen in Measles?
112
38
What are three associated oral changes of Infectious Mononucleosis?
113
38
What is the associated oral change in Diptheria?
114
38
What are three associated oral changes of HIV?
115
41
How long can the acute pharyngitis and tonsilitis last in infectious mononucleosis?
116
44
Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions (NOTE WHICH ARE PRECANCEROUS AND WHICH ARE CANCEROUS)
1. _______
2. ______
3. _______
117
45
What is Leukoplakia?
118
45
The term Leukoplakia is reserved for lesions that are __________.
119
45
What age group experiences Leukoplakia?
120
45
What is the ratio of males to females affected by Leukoplakia?
121
45
Where within the oral cavity can Leukoplakia occur?
122
45
What percent of Leukoplakias are premalignant?
123
45
Unless proven otherwise by histological evaluations, all leukoplakias must be considered _____.
124
46
Where do you do a biopsy for leukoplakia?
125
47
What is Erythroplakia?
126
45
How is the epithelium described in Erythroplakia?
127
47
What age group is affected by Erythroplakia?
128
47
What is the ratio of males to females affected by Erythroplakia?
129
47
Where in the oral cavity can Erythroplakias occur?
130
47
Is the risk of malignant transformation higher in Leukoplakia or Erythroplakia?
131
47
What are the intermediate forms of Erythroplakia that have the characteristics of both leukoplakia and erythroplakia called?
132
47
What percent of Erythroplakias become cancerous?
133
47
How will speckled leukoplakia appear?
134
49
What percent of cancers of the head and neck are squamous cell carcinoma?
135
49
How many new cases of squamous cell carcinoma will be diagnosed each year?
136
49
What three things are involved in the multifactorial pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma?
137
49
In the oropharynx, approximately ___% of squamous cell carcinomas harbor oncogenic variants of ____, especially ______.
138
50
What are three areas where squamous cell carcinoma can be found in the oral cavity?
139
51
What age group is affected by Squamous Cell Carcinoma assocaited with HPV-16? What about not associated with HPV-16?
140
51
What is the risk factor for Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated with HPV-16?
141
51
What are the two risk factors for Squamous Cell Carcinoma not associated with HPV?
142
51
What is the location for Squamous Cell Carcinoma associated wit HPV-16?
143
51
What is the location for Squamous Cell Carcinoma not associated with HPV?
144
51
What is the clinical presentation for Squamous Cell Carcinoma associated with HPV-16?
145
51
What is the clinical presentation for Squamous Cell Carcinoma not associated with HPV?
146
51
What is the histology for Squamous Cell Carcinoma associated with HPV-16?
147
51
What is the histology for Squamous Cell Carcinoma not associated with HPV?
148
51
Is distant metastasis in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated with HPV-16 rare or common?
149
51
Is distant metastasis for Squamous Cell Carcinoma not associated with HPV-16 rare or common?
150
51
Are the clinical outcomes good or poor for Squamous Cell Carcinoma associated with HPV-16?
151
51
Are the clinical outcomes good or poor for Squamous Cell Carcinoma not associated with HPV?
152
51
Is the risk of second primary high or low for Squamous Cell Carcinoma associated with HPV-16?
153
51
Is the risk of second primary for Squamous Cell Carcinoma not associated with HPV-16 high or low?
154
54
What is a tumor of the nose and nasopharynx?
155
55
Nasopharyneal Angiofibromas are ____, _______ tumors.
156
55
What group does Nasopharyngeal Angiofibromas occur almost exclusively in?
157
55
Where does nasopharyngeal angiofibroma arise?
158
55
What are three things caused by Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma?
159
55
Nasopharyngeal Angiofibromas are often ____ aggressive, with ____ extension.
160
55
What are the recurrent rates for Nasopharyngeal Angiofibromas?
161
55
What percent of cases of Nasopharyngeal Angiofibromas are fatal?
162
55
How do you treat Nasopharyngeal Angiofibromas?
163
57
Characterizations of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma:
1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
164
57
Where geographically is Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma seen commonly in children?
165
57
Where geographically is Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma seen more commonly in adults?
166
57
In the US, what age groups are rarely affected by Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas?
167
57
What two things do Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas cause?
168
57
What is the 5 year survival rate after treatment for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma?
169
59
Neck Disorders:
1. _______ (_______)
2. _________
3. ______
170
60
What age group is most affected by Branchial Cysts?
171
60
What is a Branchial Cyst and where is it found?
172
60
Characterizations of Branchial Cysts:
1. _______
2. ______
3. ______
173
60
What kind of epithelium lines Branchial Cysts?
174
60
Fibrous cyst walls of branchial cysts contain what type of tissue?
175
60
How are branchial cysts treated?
176
60
Can branchial cysts become malignant?
177
62
What is a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst?
178
62
Where are Thyroglossal Duct Cysts seen?
179
62
What is the cyst diameter for Thyroglossal Duct Cysts?
180
62
What type of epithelium lines Thyroglossal Duct Cysts?
181
62
What does a fibrous cyst wall of a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst contain?
182
62
What is the treatment for Thyroglossal Duct cysts?
183
64
What is another name for a Paraganglioma?
184
64
Where do Paragangliomas arise from? Where do they occur?
185
64
At what ages do Paragangliomas arise in?
186
64
What is a common site where Paragangliomas arise?
187
64
What percent of extra-adrenal paragangliomas occur in the head and neck?
188
64
Is the pathogenesis of paragangliomas well understood?
189
64
There is greater incidence of paragangliomas seen in people living in what environments?
190
64
Does a paranganglioma grow slowly or quickly? Is it painful or not?
191
64
A paraganglioma rarely exceeds what measurement?
192
64
Paragangliomas arise close to the _______. (This is the most common site).
193
64
What percent of paragangliomas are fatal due to infiltrative growth?
194
65
What are two locations for sympathetic pheochromocytomas?
195
65
What are 3 locations for sympathetic extra-adrenal paragangliomas?
196
65
What are three locations for parasympathetic extra-adrenal paragangliomas?
