Exam 3 - Chapter 11: Peripheral and Central Nervous Ssytem

Question 1

2

What kind of neurons does the central NS contain?

Question 2

2

What three things compose the peripheral NS?

Question 3

2

What 2 types of neurons does the peripheral nervous system contain?

Question 4

5

Guillain-Barre Syndrome is __________ usually provoked by a _____.

Question 5

5

Guillain Barre occurs _____.

Question 6

5

What age groups are affected by Guillain Barre?

Question 7

5

Guillain Barre is a ____ progressive ____ disorder of _____.

Question 8

5

Guillain Barre results in _____ which may be ______.

Question 9

5

What two things may onset of Guillain Barre follow?

Question 10

6

What are two treatment options for Guillain Barre?

Question 11

6

What percent of Guillain Barre patients require ventilation?

Question 12

6

With supportive care, most Guillain Barre individuals recover over time usually within _____.

Question 13

6

What percent of cases of Guillain Barre result in death?

Question 14

8

What is an example of a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system?

Question 15

10

What is the most common demyelinating disease?

Question 16

10

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease involving ______ injury to the myelin sheath.

Question 17

10

What two factors play a role in the development of MS?

Question 18

10

The risk of MS if a first degree relative is affected is ___ times higher.

Question 19

10

What age group is affected by MS?

Question 20

10

What is the ratio of females to males affected with MS?

Question 21

10

The demyelinated areas in MS are called ____.

Question 22

11

The symptoms of MS ______ and _____ over several years. It is not ____ progressive.

Question 23

11

What are 5 common symptoms seen in MS?

Question 24

11

What are two visual disturbances seen with MS?

Question 25

11

Parasthesia in MS invovles ____, ______, and ____.

Question 26

12

What are three degenerative diseases of the CNS?

Question 27

13

What is the age of onset for Parkinson’s?

Question 28

13

What is the age of onset for Alzheimer’s?

Question 29

13

What region of the brain is involved in Parkinsons?

Question 30

13

What region of the brain is affected in Alzheimer’s?

Question 31

14

Alzheimer’s disease involves ____ bodies.

Question 32

14

Parkinson’s disease involves _____ bodies.

Question 33

15

What is Amytotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Lou Gehrig Disease?

Question 34

16

In ALS, gradually the muscles under voluntary control are affected and individuals lose ____ and the ability to ____, ____, ____, and ____.

Question 35

16

Most people with ALS die of respiratory failure within ____ years of first symptoms.

Question 36

16

ALS affects nerve cells responsible for controlling ________.

Question 37

18

What are the two types of Neurofibromatosis?

Question 38

20

Neurofibromatosis is a group of _____ disorders.

Question 39

20

What is another name for Neurofibromatosis 1?

Question 40

20

What is another name for Neurofibromatosis 2?

Question 41

20

What is the inheritance pattern for Neurofibromatosis?

Question 42

21

What is the frequency for NF1?

Question 43

21

What is the chromosome/gene/gene product affected in NF1?

Question 44

21

What are the 7 clinical features of NF1?

Question 45

21

What is the frequency of NF2?

Question 46

21

What is the chromosome/gene/gene product affected in NF2?

Question 47

21

What are the 6 clinical features of NF2?

Question 48

24

What percent of patients with NF1 have oral abnormalities?

Question 49

24

What percent of patients with NF1 have intraoral neurofibromas?

Question 50

24

What percent of patients with NF1 have enlargement of fungiform papillae?

Question 51

24

Radiographic findings of NF1 may include:

-____ of the mandibular foramen
-_____ or ____ of the mandibular canal
-______ bone density
-____ of the ____ surface of the ramus
-_______ of the coronoid notch

Question 52

28

What is the number 1 treatment for Neurofibromatosis?

Question 53

28

Is there a treatment or cure for Neurofibromatosis?

Question 54

28

For pain associated with Neurofibromatosis, _____ can help.

Question 55

28

Neurofibromatosis growths can be ______ or reduced with ______.

Question 56

29

Stroke or infarcts occur within the ____.

Question 57

30

What causes a stroke?

Question 58

30

Initial symptoms of a stroke occur ____.

Question 59

30

Symptoms of a stroke depend on the _____.

Question 60

30

What does an ischemic stroke result from? What percent of strokes are ischemic?

Question 61

30

What does a hemorrhagic stroke result from? What percent of strokes are hemorrhagic?

Question 62

30

What is a transient ischemic attack?

Question 63

32

What are four causes of an ischemic stroke?

Question 64

32

What are 6 symptoms of ischemic strokes?

Question 65

32

What is aphasia?

Question 66

32

Vision loss in ischemic stroke is especially peripheral on the ______ as the motor weakness.

Question 67

32

What are two causes of hemorrhagic stroke?

Question 68

32

What are 8 symptoms associated with hemorrhagic stroke?

Question 69

33

Transient ischemic attack is temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain, and neurologic dysfunction lasts _____ to _____.

Question 70

33

What are the symptoms of transient ischemic attack similar to?

Question 71

33

What causes transient ischemic attack?

Question 72

33

___ of patients with transient ischemic attacks will develop ____ infarcts within ___ years.

Question 73

36

What are 3 examples of central nervous system trauma?

Question 74

36

What does epidural mean?

Question 75

36

What blood vessel is affected in epidural hematoma?

Question 76

36

What does subdural mean?

Question 77

36

What blood vessel is affected in subdural hematoma?

Question 78

37

What is a hematoma?

Question 79

37

Epidural hematoma is a collection of blood in the space between the dura and ___ or ____ bone.

Question 80

38

Epidural hematoma is caused by _____ trauma, usually to the _____.

Question 81

38

What percent of epidural hematomas have associated skill fractures? What does the fracture line cross?

Question 82

38

Is the incidence of epidural hematoma higher or lower in elderly?

Question 83

38

What are the symptoms of epidural hematomas?

Question 84

38

Is the epidural hematoma typically convex or concave on CT image?

Question 85

38

The outcome for epidural hematomas is related to _______.

Question 86

38

What is the etiology of subdural hematomas?

Question 87

38

Are skull fractures common in subdural hematomas?

Question 88

38

What is the source of bleeding in subdural hematomas?

Question 89

38

Is the incidence in the elderly for subdural hematoma higher or lower?

Question 90

38

What are the symptoms associated with subdural hematoma?

Question 91

38

Is subdural hematoma convex or concave on CT imaging?

Question 92

38

Is the outcome for subdural hematomas better or worse than epidural hematomas?

Question 93

41

A concussion is _____ loss of ____ functions.

Question 94

41

A concussion lasts for a _____ to a _____.

Question 95

41

Is there any apparent structural damage in concussions?

Question 96

41

Is a contusion more or less severe than a concussion?

Question 97

41

In contusion, the brain is ____, with possible ______.

Question 98

42

In concussions, one may see ____ and have ____.

Question 99

42

Swelling in contusions may cause an _______.

Question 100

43

What are the two aspects of a Coup countrecoup brain injury?

Question 101

45

Meningitis is also called _____.

Question 102

45

Meningitis is inflammation of the ____ and the ____.

Question 103

45

The cause of meningitis may be ____, _____, or _____.

Question 104

45

Bacteria, fungi, or virus that can cause meningitis are occasionally caused by ________ introduced into the ______.

Question 105

45

Meningitis may be classified as ____ or ____.

Question 106

47

What are three examples of parenchymal infections?

Question 107

49

What is a brain abscess?

Question 108

49

Brain abscesses usually result from ____ or _____.

Question 109

49

What are the two most frequent microbial pathogens that cause brain abscess?

Question 110

50

What causes abscesses in immunocompetent people?

Question 111

50

What causes brain abscesses in immunocompromised people?

Question 112

51

Four examples of hematogenous inoculation that could release microorganisms into circulation and cause brain abscess are:

Question 113

51

Contiguous spread through what three infections could lead to brain abscesses?

Question 114

53

What is encephalitis?

Question 115

53

What are two causes of encephalitis?

Question 116

54

What are three causes of infectious encephalitis?

Question 117

54

What are three viruses that can cause encephalitis?

Question 118

54

What are 6 conditions that can cause noninfectious encephalitis?

Question 119

55

Herpes simplex 1 is the ______ viral encephalitis in the US.

Question 120

55

Herpes simplex virus 2 can affect _____ born to _____ with ______. This results in ______ encephalitis.

Question 121

57

What is a prion?

Question 122

57

Prions can cause disease in animals and humans by triggering ______ in the brain to _____.

Question 123

57

The prions are simply ____, devoid of any _____.

Question 124

57

Once a prion enters a healthy person, potentially by ____, it converts correctly folded proteins into the disease associated form.

Question 125

59

What are four examples of sporadic prion diseases in humans?

Question 126

59

What are 3 examples of genetic prion diseases in humans?

Question 127

59

What are three examples of acquired prion diseases in humans?

Question 128

60

What is the best known of the prion diseases?

Question 129

60

Crutezfeldt-Jakob disease is ___% sporadic and ____% familial.

Question 130

60

CJD can be transitted through ______ since the prion resists degradation by _____.

Question 131

60

CJD is rarely transmitted through _____.

Question 132

60

Variant CJD is ____.

Question 133

62

What are two examples of primary cerebral neuroplasms?

Question 134

62

Are astrocytomas benign or malignant?

Question 135

62

Are meningiomas benign or malignant?

Question 136

62

What are three examples of malignant cerebral neoplasms?