Exam 3 - Chapter 11: Peripheral and Central Nervous Ssytem Flashcards
2
What kind of neurons does the central NS contain?
2
What three things compose the peripheral NS?
2
What 2 types of neurons does the peripheral nervous system contain?
5
Guillain-Barre Syndrome is __________ usually provoked by a _____.
5
Guillain Barre occurs _____.
5
What age groups are affected by Guillain Barre?
5
Guillain Barre is a ____ progressive ____ disorder of _____.
5
Guillain Barre results in _____ which may be ______.
5
What two things may onset of Guillain Barre follow?
6
What are two treatment options for Guillain Barre?
6
What percent of Guillain Barre patients require ventilation?
6
With supportive care, most Guillain Barre individuals recover over time usually within _____.
6
What percent of cases of Guillain Barre result in death?
8
What is an example of a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system?
10
What is the most common demyelinating disease?
10
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease involving ______ injury to the myelin sheath.
10
What two factors play a role in the development of MS?
10
The risk of MS if a first degree relative is affected is ___ times higher.
10
What age group is affected by MS?
10
What is the ratio of females to males affected with MS?
10
The demyelinated areas in MS are called ____.
11
The symptoms of MS ______ and _____ over several years. It is not ____ progressive.
11
What are 5 common symptoms seen in MS?
11
What are two visual disturbances seen with MS?
11
Parasthesia in MS invovles ____, ______, and ____.
12
What are three degenerative diseases of the CNS?
13
What is the age of onset for Parkinson’s?
13
What is the age of onset for Alzheimer’s?
13
What region of the brain is involved in Parkinsons?
13
What region of the brain is affected in Alzheimer’s?
14
Alzheimer’s disease involves ____ bodies.
14
Parkinson’s disease involves _____ bodies.
15
What is Amytotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Lou Gehrig Disease?
16
In ALS, gradually the muscles under voluntary control are affected and individuals lose ____ and the ability to ____, ____, ____, and ____.
16
Most people with ALS die of respiratory failure within ____ years of first symptoms.
16
ALS affects nerve cells responsible for controlling ________.
18
What are the two types of Neurofibromatosis?
20
Neurofibromatosis is a group of _____ disorders.
20
What is another name for Neurofibromatosis 1?
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What is another name for Neurofibromatosis 2?
20
What is the inheritance pattern for Neurofibromatosis?
21
What is the frequency for NF1?
21
What is the chromosome/gene/gene product affected in NF1?
21
What are the 7 clinical features of NF1?
21
What is the frequency of NF2?
21
What is the chromosome/gene/gene product affected in NF2?
21
What are the 6 clinical features of NF2?
24
What percent of patients with NF1 have oral abnormalities?
24
What percent of patients with NF1 have intraoral neurofibromas?
24
What percent of patients with NF1 have enlargement of fungiform papillae?
24
Radiographic findings of NF1 may include:
-____ of the mandibular foramen
-_____ or ____ of the mandibular canal
-______ bone density
-____ of the ____ surface of the ramus
-_______ of the coronoid notch
28
What is the number 1 treatment for Neurofibromatosis?
28
Is there a treatment or cure for Neurofibromatosis?
28
For pain associated with Neurofibromatosis, _____ can help.
28
Neurofibromatosis growths can be ______ or reduced with ______.
29
Stroke or infarcts occur within the ____.
30
What causes a stroke?
30
Initial symptoms of a stroke occur ____.
30
Symptoms of a stroke depend on the _____.
30
What does an ischemic stroke result from? What percent of strokes are ischemic?
30
What does a hemorrhagic stroke result from? What percent of strokes are hemorrhagic?
30
What is a transient ischemic attack?
32
What are four causes of an ischemic stroke?
32
What are 6 symptoms of ischemic strokes?
32
What is aphasia?
32
Vision loss in ischemic stroke is especially peripheral on the ______ as the motor weakness.
32
What are two causes of hemorrhagic stroke?
32
What are 8 symptoms associated with hemorrhagic stroke?
33
Transient ischemic attack is temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain, and neurologic dysfunction lasts _____ to _____.
33
What are the symptoms of transient ischemic attack similar to?
33
What causes transient ischemic attack?
33
___ of patients with transient ischemic attacks will develop ____ infarcts within ___ years.
36
What are 3 examples of central nervous system trauma?
36
What does epidural mean?
36
What blood vessel is affected in epidural hematoma?
36
What does subdural mean?
36
What blood vessel is affected in subdural hematoma?
37
What is a hematoma?
37
Epidural hematoma is a collection of blood in the space between the dura and ___ or ____ bone.
38
Epidural hematoma is caused by _____ trauma, usually to the _____.
38
What percent of epidural hematomas have associated skill fractures? What does the fracture line cross?
38
Is the incidence of epidural hematoma higher or lower in elderly?
38
What are the symptoms of epidural hematomas?
38
Is the epidural hematoma typically convex or concave on CT image?
38
The outcome for epidural hematomas is related to _______.
38
What is the etiology of subdural hematomas?
38
Are skull fractures common in subdural hematomas?
38
What is the source of bleeding in subdural hematomas?
38
Is the incidence in the elderly for subdural hematoma higher or lower?
38
What are the symptoms associated with subdural hematoma?
38
Is subdural hematoma convex or concave on CT imaging?
38
Is the outcome for subdural hematomas better or worse than epidural hematomas?
41
A concussion is _____ loss of ____ functions.
41
A concussion lasts for a _____ to a _____.
41
Is there any apparent structural damage in concussions?
41
Is a contusion more or less severe than a concussion?
41
In contusion, the brain is ____, with possible ______.
42
In concussions, one may see ____ and have ____.
42
Swelling in contusions may cause an _______.
43
What are the two aspects of a Coup countrecoup brain injury?
45
Meningitis is also called _____.
45
Meningitis is inflammation of the ____ and the ____.
45
The cause of meningitis may be ____, _____, or _____.
45
Bacteria, fungi, or virus that can cause meningitis are occasionally caused by ________ introduced into the ______.
45
Meningitis may be classified as ____ or ____.
47
What are three examples of parenchymal infections?
49
What is a brain abscess?
49
Brain abscesses usually result from ____ or _____.
49
What are the two most frequent microbial pathogens that cause brain abscess?
50
What causes abscesses in immunocompetent people?
50
What causes brain abscesses in immunocompromised people?
51
Four examples of hematogenous inoculation that could release microorganisms into circulation and cause brain abscess are:
51
Contiguous spread through what three infections could lead to brain abscesses?
53
What is encephalitis?
53
What are two causes of encephalitis?
54
What are three causes of infectious encephalitis?
54
What are three viruses that can cause encephalitis?
54
What are 6 conditions that can cause noninfectious encephalitis?
55
Herpes simplex 1 is the ______ viral encephalitis in the US.
55
Herpes simplex virus 2 can affect _____ born to _____ with ______. This results in ______ encephalitis.
57
What is a prion?
57
Prions can cause disease in animals and humans by triggering ______ in the brain to _____.
57
The prions are simply ____, devoid of any _____.
57
Once a prion enters a healthy person, potentially by ____, it converts correctly folded proteins into the disease associated form.
59
What are four examples of sporadic prion diseases in humans?
59
What are 3 examples of genetic prion diseases in humans?
59
What are three examples of acquired prion diseases in humans?
60
What is the best known of the prion diseases?
60
Crutezfeldt-Jakob disease is ___% sporadic and ____% familial.
60
CJD can be transitted through ______ since the prion resists degradation by _____.
60
CJD is rarely transmitted through _____.
60
Variant CJD is ____.
62
What are two examples of primary cerebral neuroplasms?
62
Are astrocytomas benign or malignant?
62
Are meningiomas benign or malignant?
62
What are three examples of malignant cerebral neoplasms?
