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Mycology+ > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Dermatobia hominis

A
  • Human bot fly
  • Mexico to South America
  • Africa, East and Central Europe
  • Eggs layed on bodies of captured arthropods
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2
Q

Cochliomyia hominovorax

A
  • Primary screwworm New World
  • Mexico to South America
  • Africa, East and Central Europe
  • Eggs layed on bodies of captured arthropods
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3
Q

Sucking Louse: Symptoms

Vagabond’s disease

A
  • Affected individuals show a generalized bronze pigmentation and hardening of the skin
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4
Q

Short definition: Louse

A

Wingless parasitic insects

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5
Q

Suborder - Anoplura - Sucking lice

A
  • Pediculus humanus capitis – head louse
  • Phthirus pubis – pubic/crab louse
  • Pediculus humanus humanus – body louse
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6
Q

Sucking louse: symptoms

Crab lice can produce __

A

Charactristic “Blue spots” which are often seen around the eyes of individuals with infested eyelashes

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7
Q

Pediculus humanus capitis - head louse

A
  • Preschool and elementary age children
  • Transmission by fomites (hats, bedding - less common than body lice)
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8
Q

Sucking Louse

Pediculus humanus humanus - body louse

A
  • Live and lay eggs on clothing and bedding
  • ONLY move to the body for blood meal
  • Spread by close personal contact, crowded living conditions, poor hygiene
  • Human only hosts - animal/pets no role
  • Vectors for Rickettsia prowazekii, Bartonella quintana and Borrelia recurrentis (louse-borne relapsing fever)
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9
Q

Body louse

Pediculus humanus humanus: Treatment

A
  • Pediculicide = medicine that kills lice
  • Ovicidal = kills nit, eggs
  • Improving personal hygiene
  • Clothing, bedding, and towels used by infested person laundered (water at least 130°F) and machine dried w/ hot cycle
  • Possible pediculicide, but generally not necessary if hygiene is maintained and items are laundered appropriately at least once a week
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10
Q

Head lice

Pediculus humanus capitis: Treatment

A
  • Treatment is reccommended for active infestation:
  • -Household members, close contacts should be checked and possibly treated
  • Nit combs w/ teeth spaced close enough can be effective if used throughly and repeated. All nits must be removed to prevent re-infestation
    Over the counter:
  • Pyrethrins
  • Permethrin lotion
  • Both kill live lice, not eggs/nits - 2nd treatment 9-10 day later
    Prescription
  • Benzyl alcohol: kills lice, not eggs/nits - 2nd treatment 7 days later
  • Ivermectin lotion: Kills lice, prevents new nymphs, no treatment consultation
  • Malathion: Kills live lice, partially kills eggs (ovicidal)
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11
Q

Phthirus pubis - pubic/crab louse

A
  • Most common transmission is person to person via sexual contact w/ infested individual
  • Fomites (bedding/clothing) may play minor role but rare
  • Most asymptotic or tickling feeling, itching caused by allergic reaction to louse saliva and irritablilty
  • Pruritis caused bites of pubic lice may be very intense
  • “Blue spots”
  • Discoloration of skin if infestation left untreated for long time
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12
Q

Pubic/ Crab louse

Phthirus pubis: Stages, Infectious and Diagnostic stages

A
  • Egg, Nymph, Adult
  • Infectious: Adult
  • Diagnostic: 3rd Nymph
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13
Q

Pubic/crab louse

Phthirus pubis: Treatment

A
  • Over counter: Lotion containing permethrin or mousse containting pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide
  • Prescription:
    • Lindane shampoo can kill lice and lice eggs. NOT first line therapy as can be toxic to the brain and other parts of the nervous system
    • Malathion kills lice and some live eggs BUT not FDA approved for treatment of pubic lice
  • Topical and oral ivermectin THOUGH only topical ivermectin lotion FDA approved for lice treatment
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14
Q

Pediculosis - Body and head: Stages, Infectious and Diagnostic

A
  • Egg, Nymph, Adult
  • Infectious stage: Adults
  • Diagnostic stage: Egg
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15
Q

Cimicidae - Bed bugs

A
  • Blood feeding ectoparasites, human preferred
  • Naturally-infected with blood-borne pathogens, NOT effective vectors of disease
  • Inflammation associated w/ their bits (allergic response saliva)
  • Adults live 6-12 months and may survive long periods of time w/out feeding
  • Infestation near sleeping areas
  • Appearing at night or in dim light to feed on a sleeping host
  • Bed bugs possess stink glands and emit distinctive odor
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16
Q

Bed bugs

Climex lectularius

A
  • Urban distribution
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17
Q

Bed bugs

Climex hemipterus

A
  • Tropics and Subtropics
18
Q

Bed bugs

Cimicidae: Treatment

A
  • Antibiotics for secondary bacterial infection from scratching
  • Antihistamines, corticosteroids, and epinephrine have been used for bite reactions w/ varying results
  • Severe cases, topical steroid creams w/ or w/out systemic anti-H1 receptor antihistaminics may be given
    Elimination of infestation:
  • High heat:
  • an hour 45°C for clothing and other materials
  • Death on contact using heat at 82°C
  • Vaccum frequently
  • EPA approved insecticide, most are resistant
19
Q

Sarcoptes scabei

A
  • Human itch mite
  • Transmission : impregnated females, person to person, skin to skin contact, and fomites
  • Found between fingers and on wrists
20
Q

Sarcoptes scabei: Treatment

A
  • Ivermectin Metrifonate
  • Blocking neutrotransmitters and changing membrane permeability
21
Q

Protozoa

Pseudopods

A
  • Extensions of cell that flow in direction of travel
22
Q

Protozoa

Flagella

A
  • Long whip-like extensions
23
Q

Protozoa

Cilia

A
  • Several short protusions beat rhythmically to propel
24
Q

Protozoa

Trophozoites

A
  • The feeding, motile stage of protoza
25
Q

Protozoa

Cysts

A
  • Infectious stage of protozoa, highly condensed cytoplasm and thick cell wall, resistant to enviromental changes
26
Q

Protozoa - Reproduction

Asexual reproduction

A

Most common

27
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Gametocytes fuse to form a diploid zygote

28
Q

Protozoa - Reproduction

Conjugation

A
  • Two cells exchange nuclei
29
Q

Protozoa - Reproducton

Schizogony

A
  • Special form of asexually reproduction, multiple mitoses, multi nucleate cell called schizont
30
Q

Amoebozoa

A
  • Lobe shaped pseudopods, no shells
31
Q

Rhizaria

A

Threadlike pseudopods, aquatic isolates, porous shells

32
Q

Protozoa

Karyosome

A

Concentrated clumps of chromatin in nucleus

33
Q

Peripheral chromatin

A
  • Non active chromatin
  • Halo-like
34
Q

Apicomplexa

A
  • Alveolates
  • Gliding motility
  • Penetration of host cell
35
Q

Metamonada: Parabasalids

A
  • Flagellated protozoa
  • Lack mitocondria
  • Single nucleus
  • Parabasal body
36
Q

Metamonada: Diplomonadida

A
  • Mitosomes
  • Two nuclei
  • Giardia
  • Lack gogi bodies
  • Multiple flagella
37
Q

Kinetoplastids - Euglenozoa

A
  • Single large mitochindria
  • Kintoplast
38
Q

Trypanosome

A
  • Slender, flagellate protozoan found in blood

Kinetoplastids - Euglenozoa

39
Q

Leishmania

A
  • Round or oblong flagellate protozoan found in blood
  • Also called promastigote or amastigote
40
Q

Intestinal Protozoa

Amoebae

A
  • Naked, loose, pseudopod-forming
  • Abundant soil dwellers, rich organic debris
  • Motile
41
Q

Entomoeba

A

Mycology+ (12 decks)

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