Exam 2: Lec 5

Question 1

Dematiaceious

Answer 1

Fungi with the ability to produce melanin within cell walls and form yeast and or hyphal elements in host tissues

Question 2

Dematiaceious:

Cladophialophora (Sladosporium) carrionii

Answer 2

• Grows 35-37℃
• Olive to black colonies
• Septate hyphae, conidiosphores with long branching chains of brown, smooth walled oval slightly pointed conidia
• 14 day growth
• Trama and exposure to soil
• Males increased risk b/c occupation exposures

Question 3

Dematiaceious:

Exophilia sp. (spinifera)

Answer 3

• Grows at 30, no growth at 37℃
• Grows velvety with short grey hyphae
• Septate hypae, conidiophore produce conidia are oval and gathered in clusters at tip and along side
• ## No standard treatment at this time

Question 4

Dematiaceious:

Bipolaris sp. (spicifera)

Answer 4

• 25- 35℃
• Brown, septate hyphae
• Knobby zigzag appearence = sympodial geniculate growth
• Rapid growth, 5 days, grayish brown then black
• Conidia - oblong, thick walled 3 to 5 septations
• No standard treatment

Question 5

Dematiaceious:

Alternaria sp.

Answer 5

• Grow 25-29℃
• Rapid growth dark greenish black
• Septate hyphae conidiophore variable length, zigzap appearence
• Conidia - large club shaped (narrow at apex) w/ both transverse and longitudinal septations, can be single or in chains
• Nasal/ sinus infection in immunocompromised

Question 6

Dematiaceious:

Curvularia sp

Answer 6

• Rapid growth 5 days
• Woolly colonies, white to pinkish then olive brown or black as matures
• Conidiophores branched, bent where conidia originate = sympodial geniculate growth
• Conidia - Multiseptate, over-enlarge swollen central cell
• Opportunistic infection result in disseminated disease

Question 7

Dematiaceious:

Epicoccum sp

Answer 7

• Moderate growth mature 7 days
• Woolly to cottony or felty colonies
• Yellow to orange, orange to red, brown to black by aging,
• Thick clusters of short conidiophores
• Young conidia - round to pear shaped, nonseptate
• Mature conidia - round and multiseptated, longitudinally and transversely

Question 8

Dematiaceious:

Nigrospora sp

Answer 8

• Rapid growth 4 days
• Hypha septate with short conidiophores that swell and taper at point of conidia formation
• Conidia: large, round, densely black, solitary and unicellular
• Woolly colonies
• White intially > grey with black areas > black
• Soil, decaying plants, and seeds
• Almost always considered contaminant

Question 9

Dematiaceious:

Fonsecaea sp

Answer 9

• Slow growth 14 days
• Velvety colonies
• Olivaceous to brown black or grey in color
• Flat to raised and folded
• Rotten wood and soil
• Four types of conidiogenesis:
• Fonsecaea type
• Rhinocladiella type
• Phialophora type
• Cladosporium type

Question 10

Dematiaceious: Fonsecaea

Fonsecaea type

Answer 10

• Distill end of conidiospore
• Slight swollen denticles that bear oval, single celled conidia
• No long chains

Question 11

Dematiaceious: Fonsecaea

Cladosporium type

Answer 11

• Conidiophore produce shield shaped conidia that in turn produce short branching chains of oval conidia

Question 12

Dermatiaceious: Fonsecaea

Phialophora type

Answer 12

• Phialidea (vase shaped) with terminal cup shaped collarettes, produce round to oval conidia with accumulate at the apex of phialide

Question 13

Dermatiaceious: Fonsecaea

Rhinocladiella type

Answer 13

• Conidiophore bear oval conidia at tip and on side of the conidiophore