Exam 2: Myotoxiosis and Mycetismus

Question 1

Mycotoxins

Answer 1

• Low molecular weight metabolites
• Harm humans and animals when ingested
• Toxicosis (poisoning)

Question 2

Mycotoxicosis

Answer 2

• Eating the mycotoxins produced by the fungus
• Not by ingesting the fungus itself

Question 3

Mycetismus

Answer 3

Mushroom poisoning resulting from eating mycotoxins still inside the fungus

Question 4

Asci

Answer 4

Sac like structure

Aflatoxins

Question 5

Aflatoxin

Answer 5

• Interacts with guanine nucleotides in DNA
• Liver damage

Question 6

Ergometrine

Answer 6

• Stimulates labor contractions
• Constrict the mother’s blood vessels after birth if at rish of excessive bleeding

Question 7

Erogometrine

Answer 7

• Used to treat migraine headaches

Question 8

Lepiota Brunneoincarnata

Answer 8

• Amatoxins
• Mistaken for edible varities
• Severe liver toxicity
• Lethal consquences
• Europe and Asia ( aka Deadly Dapperling)

Question 9

Podostroma cornu-damae

Answer 9

• Red fruiting bodies
• Trichotecene, interfer with protein synthesis causing organ failure
• Poisoning symptoms:
• Stomach pain
• Peeling skin
• Hair loss
• Low blood pressure
• liver necrosis
• Acute kidney failure
• Death

Question 10

Amanita species

Answer 10

• Destroying angels, several species of white mushrooms
• Symptoms:
• 5 to 24 hours to appear
• Vomiting
• Delirium,
• Convulsions
• Diarrhea
• Liver
• Kidney failure
• Death

Question 11

Galerina marginata

Answer 11

• Wood rotting mushroom
• Symptoms
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Hypothermia
• Liver damage
• Death

Question 12

Cortinarius

Answer 12

• Webcaps
• Orellanin (disrupts redox reactions) which initially causes symptoms similar to common flu
• Long latency (2 days to 3 weeks) -> leads to misdiagnosis
• Symptoms:
• Excessive thirst
• Nausea
• Kidney failure
• Death

Question 13

Conocybe filaris

Answer 13

• Amatoxins
• Gastrointestinal symptoms:
• 6-24 hours after consuming
• Misdiagnosis of food poisoning
• Patient appears to recover only to suffer from a life threatening reappearance of gastrointestinal distress, coupled with liver and kidney failure

Question 14

Amanita phalloides

Answer 14

• Deadliest of all mushrooms (Death Cap)
• 3 toxins:
• Amatoxins - RNA polymerase II
• Virotoxin - Actin disruption
• Phallotoxion - cell membrane disrupts Ca+2 and K+
• Symptoms:
• 6 to 12 hours
• Violent abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody diarrhea
• Rapid loss of fluid from the tissues and intense thirst
• Decrease in urinary output, lowering blood sugar, damage of liver, kidneys, and central nervous system

Question 15

Class of toxins: Phallotoxins

Phalloidin

Answer 15

• Binding and stabilizing actin effectively preventing the depolymerization of actin fibers
• Found in Amanita phalloides (death cap)
• Flurorescent tags