exam 3 TYK Flashcards
alpha tubule protein
nexin
side arms
generate force to slide microtubules past one another
function of cytoplasmic dynein
movement along microtubule toward its minus end
function of axonemal dynein
generates force for sliding of flagellar microtubules
function of tropomodulin
prevents loss of subunits from filament minus end
function of microvilli
increase cell surface area
cause of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)
severe water restriction
function of nebulin
stabilizes thin filaments
salvage pathway
glycolate pathway
where are axonemal tubules located?
cilia and flagella
role of actin binding proteins
polymerization process, elongation of F-actin, stability and organization of the filaments
role of Rho GTPase
involved in the formation of actin structure in cells
T or F: Continuous carbon assimilation in the Calvin cycle is made possible by the regeneration of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
true
T or F: When a photon is absorbed by a pigment (light-absorbing molecule), such as chlorophyll, the energy of the photon is transferred to an electron to move it from a low to a high energy orbital
true
dual enzymatic functions of rubisco
oxygenase and carboxylase
T or F: Protein glycosylation in the ER starts with the dolichol phosphate
true
T or F: Calnexin and calreticulin helps in the proper folding of glycoproteins synthesize in ER
true
T or F: COPI target vesicles to the Golgi apparatus or ER
true
The vesicles of receptor mediated endocytosis are covered with a lattice of __________
clathrin
T or F: Plastocyanin is a mobile electron transport giving its electron to ferrodoxin NADP reductase
false
Starch synthesis occurs in the chloroplast _______
stroma
T or F: Rac is involved in the polymerization of microtubules
false, actin filament polymerization
Nuclear lamins are a member of the _____
IFs
T or F: Colchicine affects microtubules assembly
true
T or F: Actin bundles give shape and support flagella
false
T or F: Cytochalasin D affects microfilaments
true
Disulfide bonds are often found to stabilize _________ protein structure
tertiary
Which characteristics of a free-living bacteria have mitochondria lost over time?
motility
T or F: actin filaments may form axonemes containing doublet microfilament
false
site of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria
photosynthetic membranes
function of nexin in the axoneme
links adjacent outer doublets to limit sliding
function of capZ
prevents assembly and disassembly at microfilament plus ends
enzyme not involved in the regulation of the citric acid cycle
succinate dehydrogenase (no NADH production)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is NOT regulated by ______
ATP
In a lysosomal storage disease, newly synthesized lysosome hydrolases are secreted from the cells rather than being delivered to the lysosomes. What is one possible mechanism for this result?
mannose is not phosphorylated in the cis-golgi network
Comparing cells synthesizing secretory proteins and cells secreting steroid hormones, the cells synthesizing the steroid hormones have more ________ ER
smooth
_____ plants make use of the hatch-slack cycle
C4
the calvin cycle occurs in the chloroplast _________
stroma
The transfer of energy directly from a photoexcited electron in a pigment molecule to another electron in an adjacent pigment molecule occurs by ______________________________
resonance energy transfer
two main types of microtubules
cytoplasmic and axonemal
tissue specific
intermediate filaments
function of cytochalasins
prevent addition of monomers to preexisting microfilaments
chemotaxis
directional movement in response to a graded chemical stimulus
The ________ protein complex facilitates the interaction between cytoplasmic dynein, a cargo vesicle, and a microtubule
dynactin
T or F: A microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) anchors only the minus ends of cytoplasmic microtubules
true
A protein that is N-glycosylated is expected to be __________________
secreted from the cell
Biosynthesis of sucrose occurs in the __________
cytosol
T or F: COPII vesicles final destination is the golgi apparatus
true
T or F: SNARE proteins are retention proteins in Golgi apparatus
false
T or F: microtubules are made of two monomeres
true
T or F: Actin bundles give shape and support to cilia found in intestinal mucosal cells
false
In which organelle would you expect to first find a protein destined to be secreted from a cell?
ER
T or F: lamellipodia contain bundles of microtubules that push the plasma membrane forward
false
Which protein would be a good drug target for interfering with microfilament network breakdown?
gelsolin
T or F: FADH2 transfers its electron to complex II
true
substrates of citric acid cycle
oxaloacetate
citrate
isocitrate
a ketoglutarate
succinyl coa
succinate
fumarate
malate
T or F: β-oxidation lengthens fatty acids by addition of two carbons
false
