Ch 1 and 2

Question 1

cell

Answer 1

basic unit of biology

Question 2

cell theory

Answer 2

1. all organisms consist of one or more cells
2. the cell is the basic structural unit
3. cells only arise from preexisting cells

Question 3

cell biology

Answer 3

cytology + biochemistry + genetics

Question 4

cytology

Answer 4

study of cells

Question 5

microscopy

Answer 5

visualization of cells

Question 6

light micrscope

Answer 6

earliest tool of cytology, ID of organelles

Question 7

antibody

Answer 7

protein molecule produced in the immune system that binds to a target molecule (antigen)

Question 8

limit of resolution

Answer 8

how far apart adjacent objects must be to appear separate

Question 9

resolving power

Answer 9

ability to see fine details of structure

Question 10

electron microscope

Answer 10

uses a beam of electrons with EM field instead of visible light

Question 11

biochemical

Answer 11

compound made by living organisms

Question 12

enzymes

Answer 12

biological catalysts

Question 13

centrifugation

Answer 13

separating and isolating structures based on size, shape, and density

Question 14

ultracentrifuge

Answer 14

resolving small organelles and macromolecules

Question 15

chromatography

Answer 15

a mixture of molecules in solution separated into individual components

Question 16

electrophoresis

Answer 16

electrical field separates macromolecules based on mobility in gel

Question 17

mass spectrometry

Answer 17

determines protein size and composition

Question 18

genes

Answer 18

hereditary factors

Question 19

chromosomes

Answer 19

threadlike bodies in dividing cells

Question 20

bioinformatics

Answer 20

merges computer science and biology

Question 21

CRISPR

Answer 21

clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

Question 22

organic chemistry

Answer 22

study of carbon-containing compounds

Question 23

biological chemistry

Answer 23

chemistry of living systems

Question 24

bond energy

Answer 24

amount of energy required to break 1 mole of bonds

Question 25

calorie

Answer 25

amount of energy needed to raise 1g of water by 1 degree Celsius

Question 26

functional groups

Answer 26

specific arrangements of atoms that confer characteristic chemical properties

Question 27

conformation

Answer 27

3D shape

Question 28

macromolecules

Answer 28

ordered array of linear polymers

Question 29

polymers

Answer 29

proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides

Question 30

condensation reaction

Answer 30

removal of H2O to polymerize monomers

Question 31

activated monomers

Answer 31

monomeric units joined together before condensation can occur

Question 32

carrier molecule

Answer 32

forms activated monomer when coupled with a monomer

Question 33

hydrolysis

Answer 33

addition of H2O that breaks bonds

Question 34

self-assembly

Answer 34

info required to specify spontaneous folding of macromolecules and their interactions is inherent to polymers themselves

Question 35

molecular chaperones

Answer 35

proteins that reduce the probability of incorrect formations

Question 36

prions

Answer 36

infectious protein molecules

Question 37

hierarchical assembly

Answer 37

subassemblies act as intermediates