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Cell Bio > Ch 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Ch 1 and 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cell

A

basic unit of biology

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2
Q

cell theory

A
  1. all organisms consist of one or more cells
  2. the cell is the basic structural unit
  3. cells only arise from preexisting cells
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3
Q

cell biology

A

cytology + biochemistry + genetics

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4
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

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5
Q

microscopy

A

visualization of cells

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6
Q

light micrscope

A

earliest tool of cytology, ID of organelles

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7
Q

antibody

A

protein molecule produced in the immune system that binds to a target molecule (antigen)

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8
Q

limit of resolution

A

how far apart adjacent objects must be to appear separate

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9
Q

resolving power

A

ability to see fine details of structure

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10
Q

electron microscope

A

uses a beam of electrons with EM field instead of visible light

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11
Q

biochemical

A

compound made by living organisms

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12
Q

enzymes

A

biological catalysts

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13
Q

centrifugation

A

separating and isolating structures based on size, shape, and density

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14
Q

ultracentrifuge

A

resolving small organelles and macromolecules

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15
Q

chromatography

A

a mixture of molecules in solution separated into individual components

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16
Q

electrophoresis

A

electrical field separates macromolecules based on mobility in gel

17
Q

mass spectrometry

A

determines protein size and composition

18
Q

genes

A

hereditary factors

19
Q

chromosomes

A

threadlike bodies in dividing cells

20
Q

bioinformatics

A

merges computer science and biology

21
Q

CRISPR

A

clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

22
Q

organic chemistry

A

study of carbon-containing compounds

23
Q

biological chemistry

A

chemistry of living systems

24
Q

bond energy

A

amount of energy required to break 1 mole of bonds

25
Q

calorie

A

amount of energy needed to raise 1g of water by 1 degree Celsius

26
Q

functional groups

A

specific arrangements of atoms that confer characteristic chemical properties

27
Q

conformation

A

3D shape

28
Q

macromolecules

A

ordered array of linear polymers

29
Q

polymers

A

proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides

30
Q

condensation reaction

A

removal of H2O to polymerize monomers

31
Q

activated monomers

A

monomeric units joined together before condensation can occur

32
Q

carrier molecule

A

forms activated monomer when coupled with a monomer

33
Q

hydrolysis

A

addition of H2O that breaks bonds

34
Q

self-assembly

A

info required to specify spontaneous folding of macromolecules and their interactions is inherent to polymers themselves

35
Q

molecular chaperones

A

proteins that reduce the probability of incorrect formations

36
Q

prions

A

infectious protein molecules

37
Q

hierarchical assembly

A

subassemblies act as intermediates

Cell Bio (14 decks)

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