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Cell Bio > Ch 3 > Flashcards

Ch 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

enzymes

A

catalysts; increase the rate of chemical reactions

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2
Q

structural proteins

A

physical support and shape

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3
Q

motility proteins

A

contraction and movement

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4
Q

regulatory proteins

A

control and coordinate cell function

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5
Q

transport proteins

A

move substances into and out of cells

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6
Q

signaling proteins

A

communication between cells

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7
Q

receptor proteins

A

enable cells to respond to chemical stimuli from the environment

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8
Q

defensive proteins

A

protect against disease

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9
Q

storage proteins

A

reservoirs of amino acids

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10
Q

protein

A

polypeptide that has a unique 3D shape and is biologically active

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11
Q

monomeric proteins

A

consist of a single polypeptide

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12
Q

multimeric proteins

A

consist of two or more polypeptides

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13
Q

dimers, trimers

A

two, three polypeptides respectively

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14
Q

primary structure

A

amino acid sequence

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15
Q

secondary structure

A

folding into a-helix or B-sheet

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16
Q

tertiary structure

A

3D folding of a single polypeptide chain

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17
Q

quaternary structure

A

association of multiple polypeptides to form a multimeric protein

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18
Q

fibrous proteins

A

extensive regions of repetitive secondary structure (ie: keratin, collagen)

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19
Q

globular proteins

A

folded into compact structures

20
Q

domain

A

locally folded unit of tertiary structure, usually with a specific function

21
Q

nucleic acids

A

store, transmit, and express genetic information; linear polymers of nucleotides

22
Q

polysaccharides

A

long chain polymers of sugars and sugar derivatives; function for structure and storage

23
Q

oligosaccharides

A

short polymers sometimes attached to cell surface proteins

24
Q

monosaccharides

A

monomers of polysaccharides

25
Q

aldehyde (aldosugar)

A

sugar with a terminal carbonyl group

26
Q

ketone (ketosugar)

A

sugar with an internal carbonyl group

27
Q

glucose

A

most common monosaccharide

28
Q

maltose

A

two glucose units linked

29
Q

lactose

A

one glucose linked to galactose

30
Q

sucrose

A

one glucose linked to fructose

31
Q

starch

A

storage polysaccharide of plant cells

32
Q

glycogen

A

storage polysaccharide of animal cells and bacteria

33
Q

cellulose

A

structural polysaccharide in plant cell walls

34
Q

lipids

A

energy storage, membrane structure, specific biological functions (ie: signal transmission)

35
Q

fatty acids

A

long, amphipathic, unbranched hydrocarbon chain (tail) with a carboxyl group (head) at one end

36
Q

saturated fatty acids

A

each carbon atom in the chain is bonded to the maximum number of hydrogens

37
Q

unsaturated fatty acids

A

contain one or more double bonds, causing bends in the chains (less tightly packed)

38
Q

trans fats

A

unsaturated fatty acid with less of a bend in the chain; linked to increased cholesterol and risk for heart disease

39
Q

trigylcerides

A

glycerol molecule with three fatty acids attached

40
Q

glycerol

A

three carbon alcohol with an OH group on each carbon

41
Q

phospholipids

A

amphipathic

42
Q

phosphoglycerides

A

predominant phospholipids in most membranes, made of phosphatidic acid

43
Q

phosphatidic acid

A

two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol

44
Q

sphingolipids

A

made up of sphingosine- long hydrocarbon chain with a single site of unsaturation near polar end

45
Q

glycolipids

A

lipids containing a carbohydrate instead of a phospholipid; occur mostly in outer monolayer of the plasma membrane

46
Q

steroids

A

derivatives of a four-ringed hydrocarbon skeleton; nonpolar/hydrophobic

47
Q

terpenes

A

synthesized from the five carbon compound isoprene

Cell Bio (14 decks)

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