Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell Bio > exam 2 TYK > Flashcards

exam 2 TYK Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

location of lipid synthesis

A

smooth ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what type of kinetics do carrier proteins display

A

michaelis menten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which vitamin are NAD and FAD derived from

A

B vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The coenzyme ______ donates _______ to ferment pyruvate into lactate or ethanol.

A

NADH, electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

organisms that can function in aerobic or anaerobic conditions

A

facultative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Glycolysis is a ___ step reaction sequence that converts glucose into _____ and generates a net total of ___ ATPs

A

10, pyruvate, 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Oxidation is the removal of_______, which usually is accompanied by removal of protons in a process called _____________ in biological systems

A

electrons, dehydrogenation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which is not an active transporter?
symporters
P-class pumps
permeases
bacteriorhodopsin
ABC transporters

A

permeases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The Na+/K+-ATPase pump actively moves ______ in and ______ out

A

2 K+, 3 Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

causes plasmolysis of plan cell membranes

A

hypertonic solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

transporter that is defective in kidney water balance disorders

A

aquaporin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

most prominent lipids in animal cell membranes

A

phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what diffuses across membranes?
water
glucose
oxygen
serine
hydrogen ions

A

oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

covalent modification

A

-can activate an enzyme
-affects the activity of an enzyme by adding or removing a chemical group
- can involve the addition of phosphate groups
- produces modifications that can sometimes be reversed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

H2O2 detoxification

A

peroxisomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the electron transport chain generates ______________

A

reactive oxygen species

17
Q

glycolytic intermediates

A
  1. glucose
  2. G6P
  3. F6P
  4. F-16BP
  5. DHAP and G3P
  6. 1,3-BPG
  7. 3-phosphoglycerate
  8. 2-phosphoglycerate
  9. phosphoenol pyruvate
  10. pyruvate
18
Q

3 key enzymes of glycolytic regulation

A

hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase

19
Q

alternative substrates for glycolysis

A

galactose, mannose, lactose, fructose

20
Q

alternative roles of glycolytic enzymes

A

transcriptional activation and repression, apoptosis inhibition, and stimulation of cell migration

21
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

converts pyruvate or lactate into glucose

22
Q

products of fermentation

A

propionate, butyrate, ethanol, lactate

23
Q

T or F: the transport of a solute carrier can be adjusted to the Michaelis Menten eqn

A

true

24
Q

accumulation of Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum happens through ___________

A

a Ca2+-ATPase

25
Q

4 types of sugar that can be added to a protein

A

galactose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, sialic acid

26
Q

extraction of integral membrane proteins requires _____________

A

a detergent such as SDS

27
Q

Xenopus oocytes

A

used to expressed proteins such as ion channels and allow electrophysiological studies

28
Q

lipid rafts

A

Localized regions of plasma membranes that contain cholesterol and proteins involved in cell signaling

29
Q

SDS-page

A

separates denatured proteins based on size

30
Q

lipid raft functions

A
  • responding to extracellular signals
  • transport of nutrients across cell membranes
  • immune responses
  • transport of cholera toxin into cells
31
Q

glycosylation

A

addition of sugars to lipids or proteins (the addition of a carbohydrate side chain to another molecule)

32
Q

most common number of carbons in fatty acid hydrocarbon chains of membrane phospholipids

A

16 C

33
Q

cholesterol

A

decreases membrane fluidity at high temps

34
Q

enzyme regulation

A

feedback inhibition, covalent modification or allosteric regulation

35
Q

Mixed-type inhibitors will affect the ________ of an enzymatic reaction

A

Km and Vmax

36
Q

T or F: the equation A–PO4 + B → A + B−PO4 would be catalyzed by ligase

A

false (it would be transferase)

37
Q

The rate of a reaction catalyzed by an enzymes usually ________ with temperature; however, at temperatures above the optimum range ________

A

increases, protein denaturation occurs

Cell Bio (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions