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Biochemistry > Exam 3 Transport through Membranes I ACTIVE > Flashcards

Exam 3 Transport through Membranes I ACTIVE Flashcards

1
Q

small and hydrophobic; how likely to cross lipid bilayer without any help?

A

easy to get across lipid bilayer

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2
Q

small and polar; how likely to cross lipid bilayer without any help?

A

might get across lipid bilayer

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3
Q

large and polar; how likely to cross lipid bilayer without any help?

A

will not cross lipid bilayer

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4
Q

charged/ion; how likely to cross lipid bilayer without any help?

A

will not without help

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5
Q

no energy required and solute travels from high to low concentration describes what type of transport?

A

passive

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6
Q

main form of energy is ATP hydrolysis and we are either creating a concentration gradient or reinforcing it; describes what type of transport?

A

active

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7
Q

what are the 3 general modes of transport

A
  1. uniporter = moves 1 thing with no specificity on direction
  2. symporter = same; movement of 2 things in same direction
  3. antiporter = opposite; movement of 2 things in opposite direction
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8
Q

what are the 3 general categories of transporters?

A
  1. pumps = perform active transport; fights the concentration gradient
  2. carriers = coupled to primary transport pump; 2ndary transport carriers
  3. channels = passive transport
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9
Q

what are the 2 types of primary active transport pumps?

A
  1. p-type pump

2. ABC transporter

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10
Q

what are the 4 pieces to a p-type pump to identify that is what being used in transport?

A
  1. transmembrane domain spans the lipid bilayer
  2. A/Actuator (hinge) links cytosolic domains to transmembrane domain
  3. N/Nucleotide binding domain binds ATP
  4. P/Phosphorylation domain accepts the phosphate from ATP
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11
Q

E1 is open to _ side

A

cytosolic side; binds molecule

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12
Q

E2 is open to _ side

A

“outside”; releases molecule and may/may not bind another type molecule

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13
Q

Ca++ transport uses what mode and pump for transport?

A

uniporter a P-type

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14
Q

what are the names for Ca++ transport pumps?

A

SERCA (muscle cells)
PMCA (plasma membrane)
SPCA (Golgi secretion pathway)

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15
Q

Na+/K+ pump uses what mode and pump for transport?

A

antiporter a P-type

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16
Q

Flippases uses what type of transport

A

p-type

17
Q

what is the goal of flippases?

A

to perform a transverse (flipping) motion within plasma membrane as to internalize lipids on exterior cell membrane or recycle endosomes on Golgi

18
Q

what is a common molecule to be internalized via flippase?

A

phosophatidylserine (PS)

19
Q

what is the general mechanism for p-type pumps?

A

capture (E1) -> ATP (self) -> eversion (E2) -> release -> bind something else (E2)

20
Q

in plants and fungi, Na+/K+ pump is replaced by

A

H+-ATPase

21
Q

what pump maintains the pH of the stomach lumen?

A

H+/K+-ATPase

22
Q

what pump maintains proper levels of trace metals?

A

Heavy Metal ATPases

23
Q

what are the 3 pieces to a ABC pump to identify that is what being used in transport?

A
  • Duplicates*
    1. 2 transmembrane domains
    2. 2 Nucleotide biding domains for ATP
    3. importers require a substrate binding protein
24
Q

what is the goal of an ABC transporter?

A

to phosphorylate something else

25
Q

general mechanism of ABC transporter?

A

bind molecule (not ions!) -> ATP and dimerize -> eversion -> release molecule

26
Q

MDR proteins use what type of pump?

A

ABC; exporter used for drug resistance (incr MDR proteins = incr resistance)

27
Q

CTFR use what type of pump?

A

ABC; Cl- exporter

28
Q

what makes CTFR a noncanonical ABC transporter?

A

ATP hydrolysis is inefficient so acts live a passive/ligand-gated channel

29
Q

CTFR altered ion movement results in:

A

increased osmotic pressure which thus allows for secreted mucins to interact

30
Q

Peroxisomal ABC transporter are all homodimers and therefore called:

A

half-ABC transporters

31
Q

ABC transporters are primarily found in _

A

bacteria

32
Q

2ndary active transport is considered active transport because:

A

energy is used to establish a gradient (primary active transport) and stowaway moves against its gradient

33
Q

Na+/glucose contransport functions how?

A

p-type pump creates gradient a passive channel or carrier allows ions/molecules to travel against their gradient

34
Q

T/F: all glucose transport is ACTIVE

A

FALSE; PASSIVE

35
Q

Na+/Ca++ exchanger functions how?

A
  • p-type pumps (Na+/K+ and PMCA) keep Na+ and Ca++ outside the cell and K+ inside.
  • Passive carrier (Na+/Ca++ exchanger) moves external Na+ down its concentration gradient and externalizes even more Ca++.
36
Q

2ndary active symport system found in intestines and kidneys

A

Na+-amino acids cotransport

37
Q

2ndary active antiport system found in the kidneys

A

Na+-H+ exchange (regulate pH)

Biochemistry (32 decks)

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