Exam 3 Nutrition and Diet

Question 1

what is nutrition?

Answer 1

the science of food interaction with body (growth/function vs obesity/malnutrition)

Question 2

what is diet?

Answer 2

the total of food/foodstuff and drinks ingested

Question 3

what is wellness?

Answer 3

a nutritional status; the absence of disease

Question 4

how do we determine nutritional status?

Answer 4

biological factors like genotype and psychological factors like desire to eat

Question 5

T/F: nutrition is the science of food and how food interact with out body and affect health

Answer 5

true

Question 6

what are the forms of nutrients?

Answer 6

carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water (universal solvent), oxygen

Question 7

what are macronutrients

Answer 7

nutrients required in relatively large amounts i.e. carbs, fats and oils, and proteins

Question 8

what are micronutrients

Answer 8

nutrients required in smaller amounts i.e. vitamins and minerals and body/biological functions

Question 9

what is the first source of energy

Answer 9

carbohydrates

Question 10

what is the last energy resort?

Answer 10

proteins

Question 11

fats provide?

Answer 11

energy storage, phospholipids for membranes, and signaling molecules

Question 12

fiber is present in and its main role?

Answer 12

found in unprocessed cereals, legumes, vegetables, and fruits; regulates gut motility and transit

Question 13

the 3 enzymes used in hydrolysis of carbs?

Answer 13

1. a-amylase (random polysacc)
2. b-amylase (ordered disacc/maltose)
3. debranching enzyme

Question 14

what is the glycemic index (GI)?

Answer 14

quantitative and handling of carbohydrate containing foods

Question 15

low GI signifies

Answer 15

release glucose slowly

Question 16

high GI signifies

Answer 16

athlete; need glucose released abundantly but bad in cases of diabetes

Question 17

proteins are important for

Answer 17

• building cells and tissues
• maintaining bones
• repairing damage
• regulating metabolism

Question 18

what are the fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 18

A, D, E, K; stored in body

Question 19

what are the water soluble vitamins

Answer 19

C and B; not stored need steady amounts

Question 20

our body require at least 100 mg per day of the MAJOR minerals such as:

Answer 20

calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride

Question 21

we require less than 100 mg per day of trace minerals such as:

Answer 21

iron, zinc, copper, iodine, and fluoride

Question 22

T/F: proteins are a primary energy source

Answer 22

false

Question 23

T/F: all vitamins must be consumed daily to support optimal health

Answer 23

false

Question 24

what organs/tissues “talk” to the hypothalamus

Answer 24

stomach via ghrelin, pancreas via insulin, adipose tissue via leptin

Question 25

what is the basal metabolic rate/BMR?

Answer 25

energy needed to stay alive at rest; (24*body weight in kg) BMR = Kcal/day

Question 26

what is the daily energy expenditure?

Answer 26

(activity factor)*(BMR)

Question 27

the BMR and daily energy expenditure for a 50 kg woman who runs 10 miles each day and is an aerobic exercise instructor at night is:

Answer 27

1200 and 2040

she is highly active = activity factor of 1.7
BMR = 2450
daily energy expinditure = 12001.7

Question 28

what is the recommended dietary allowances/RDA?

Answer 28

average daily intake level required to meet 97-98% of people in a particular category

Question 29

what is the estimated average requirement/EAR?

Answer 29

average daily intake level of a nutrient that will meet the needs of half of the people in a particular category; determines RDA of a nutrient

Question 30

what is adequate intake/AI?

Answer 30

minimal daily level of a nutrient

Question 31

what is tolerable upper intake level/UL?

Answer 31

food considered “safe”; highest average daily intake level

Question 32

what is estimated energy requirement/EER?

Answer 32

average dietary energy intake (kcal) to maintain energy balance; based on age, gender, weight, height, level of physical activity

Question 33

what is acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges/AMDR?

Answer 33

depends on age; portion of energy intake that should come from each macronutrient

Question 34

T/F: the recommended daily allowance is the maximum amount of nutrient that people should consume to support normal body functions

Answer 34

false; average daily intake level required to meet the needs of 97-98% of people in a particular category

Question 35

50 kg adult woman who runs 10 miles each day and is an aerobic exercise instructor at night she consumes 2000 kcal/day consisting of 67g of fat, 60g of protein, and 290g of carbs. Calculate the percentage of each nutrient

Answer 35

fat 30%, protein 12%, carb 58%

• fat kcal = 67g*9kcal/g = 603kcal/day; fat % = 603/2000 = 30% (normal)
• protein kcal = 60g*4kcal/g = 240kcal/day; protein % = 240/2000 = 12% (normal)
• carb kcal = 290*4kcal/g = 1160kcal/day; carb % = 1160/2000 = 58% (normal)

Question 36

BMI =

Answer 36

weight(kg)/height(m)^2

Question 37

obesity is a state of:

Answer 37

excess adipose tissue mass

Question 38

malnutrition: marasmus

Answer 38

severe starvation; wasting, using proteins to survive

Question 39

malnutrition: cachexia

Answer 39

increase in proinflammatory cytokines to increase protein degradation and characterized by anorexia