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Biochemistry > Exam 3 Nutrition and Diet > Flashcards

Exam 3 Nutrition and Diet Flashcards

1
Q

what is nutrition?

A

the science of food interaction with body (growth/function vs obesity/malnutrition)

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2
Q

what is diet?

A

the total of food/foodstuff and drinks ingested

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3
Q

what is wellness?

A

a nutritional status; the absence of disease

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4
Q

how do we determine nutritional status?

A

biological factors like genotype and psychological factors like desire to eat

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5
Q

T/F: nutrition is the science of food and how food interact with out body and affect health

A

true

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6
Q

what are the forms of nutrients?

A

carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water (universal solvent), oxygen

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7
Q

what are macronutrients

A

nutrients required in relatively large amounts i.e. carbs, fats and oils, and proteins

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8
Q

what are micronutrients

A

nutrients required in smaller amounts i.e. vitamins and minerals and body/biological functions

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9
Q

what is the first source of energy

A

carbohydrates

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10
Q

what is the last energy resort?

A

proteins

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11
Q

fats provide?

A

energy storage, phospholipids for membranes, and signaling molecules

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12
Q

fiber is present in and its main role?

A

found in unprocessed cereals, legumes, vegetables, and fruits; regulates gut motility and transit

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13
Q

the 3 enzymes used in hydrolysis of carbs?

A
  1. a-amylase (random polysacc)
  2. b-amylase (ordered disacc/maltose)
  3. debranching enzyme
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14
Q

what is the glycemic index (GI)?

A

quantitative and handling of carbohydrate containing foods

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15
Q

low GI signifies

A

release glucose slowly

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16
Q

high GI signifies

A

athlete; need glucose released abundantly but bad in cases of diabetes

17
Q

proteins are important for

A
  • building cells and tissues
  • maintaining bones
  • repairing damage
  • regulating metabolism
18
Q

what are the fat-soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K; stored in body

19
Q

what are the water soluble vitamins

A

C and B; not stored need steady amounts

20
Q

our body require at least 100 mg per day of the MAJOR minerals such as:

A

calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride

21
Q

we require less than 100 mg per day of trace minerals such as:

A

iron, zinc, copper, iodine, and fluoride

22
Q

T/F: proteins are a primary energy source

A

false

23
Q

T/F: all vitamins must be consumed daily to support optimal health

A

false

24
Q

what organs/tissues “talk” to the hypothalamus

A

stomach via ghrelin, pancreas via insulin, adipose tissue via leptin

25
Q

what is the basal metabolic rate/BMR?

A

energy needed to stay alive at rest; (24*body weight in kg) BMR = Kcal/day

26
Q

what is the daily energy expenditure?

A

(activity factor)*(BMR)

27
Q

the BMR and daily energy expenditure for a 50 kg woman who runs 10 miles each day and is an aerobic exercise instructor at night is:

A

1200 and 2040

she is highly active = activity factor of 1.7
BMR = 2450
daily energy expinditure = 12001.7

28
Q

what is the recommended dietary allowances/RDA?

A

average daily intake level required to meet 97-98% of people in a particular category

29
Q

what is the estimated average requirement/EAR?

A

average daily intake level of a nutrient that will meet the needs of half of the people in a particular category; determines RDA of a nutrient

30
Q

what is adequate intake/AI?

A

minimal daily level of a nutrient

31
Q

what is tolerable upper intake level/UL?

A

food considered “safe”; highest average daily intake level

32
Q

what is estimated energy requirement/EER?

A

average dietary energy intake (kcal) to maintain energy balance; based on age, gender, weight, height, level of physical activity

33
Q

what is acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges/AMDR?

A

depends on age; portion of energy intake that should come from each macronutrient

34
Q

T/F: the recommended daily allowance is the maximum amount of nutrient that people should consume to support normal body functions

A

false; average daily intake level required to meet the needs of 97-98% of people in a particular category

35
Q

50 kg adult woman who runs 10 miles each day and is an aerobic exercise instructor at night she consumes 2000 kcal/day consisting of 67g of fat, 60g of protein, and 290g of carbs. Calculate the percentage of each nutrient

A

fat 30%, protein 12%, carb 58%

  • fat kcal = 67g*9kcal/g = 603kcal/day; fat % = 603/2000 = 30% (normal)
  • protein kcal = 60g*4kcal/g = 240kcal/day; protein % = 240/2000 = 12% (normal)
  • carb kcal = 290*4kcal/g = 1160kcal/day; carb % = 1160/2000 = 58% (normal)
36
Q

BMI =

A

weight(kg)/height(m)^2

37
Q

obesity is a state of:

A

excess adipose tissue mass

38
Q

malnutrition: marasmus

A

severe starvation; wasting, using proteins to survive

39
Q

malnutrition: cachexia

A

increase in proinflammatory cytokines to increase protein degradation and characterized by anorexia

Biochemistry (32 decks)

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