Exam 3 Nutrition and Diet Flashcards
what is nutrition?
the science of food interaction with body (growth/function vs obesity/malnutrition)
what is diet?
the total of food/foodstuff and drinks ingested
what is wellness?
a nutritional status; the absence of disease
how do we determine nutritional status?
biological factors like genotype and psychological factors like desire to eat
T/F: nutrition is the science of food and how food interact with out body and affect health
true
what are the forms of nutrients?
carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water (universal solvent), oxygen
what are macronutrients
nutrients required in relatively large amounts i.e. carbs, fats and oils, and proteins
what are micronutrients
nutrients required in smaller amounts i.e. vitamins and minerals and body/biological functions
what is the first source of energy
carbohydrates
what is the last energy resort?
proteins
fats provide?
energy storage, phospholipids for membranes, and signaling molecules
fiber is present in and its main role?
found in unprocessed cereals, legumes, vegetables, and fruits; regulates gut motility and transit
the 3 enzymes used in hydrolysis of carbs?
- a-amylase (random polysacc)
- b-amylase (ordered disacc/maltose)
- debranching enzyme
what is the glycemic index (GI)?
quantitative and handling of carbohydrate containing foods
low GI signifies
release glucose slowly
high GI signifies
athlete; need glucose released abundantly but bad in cases of diabetes
proteins are important for
- building cells and tissues
- maintaining bones
- repairing damage
- regulating metabolism
what are the fat-soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K; stored in body
what are the water soluble vitamins
C and B; not stored need steady amounts
our body require at least 100 mg per day of the MAJOR minerals such as:
calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride
we require less than 100 mg per day of trace minerals such as:
iron, zinc, copper, iodine, and fluoride
T/F: proteins are a primary energy source
false
T/F: all vitamins must be consumed daily to support optimal health
false
what organs/tissues “talk” to the hypothalamus
stomach via ghrelin, pancreas via insulin, adipose tissue via leptin
