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Nursing 2000H > Exam #3: Theory and Research > Flashcards

Exam #3: Theory and Research Flashcards

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1
Q

Define theory

A

Nursing theory is “a group of related concepts, definitions, and statements the describe a certain view of nursing phenomena (observable occurrences) from which to describe, explain, or predict outcomes”

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2
Q

Purpose of Theories (4)

A

Provides a framework on which to build new nursing knowledge
Assists with reasoning, critical thinking, and decision making
Helps guide practice to produce quality outcomes
Nursing needs to be evidence based from research

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3
Q

Types of Theories in Nursing

A

Grand Theory

Mid-Range Theory

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4
Q

Grand Theory

A

most comprehensive, applying to the entire domain of nursing

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5
Q

Mid-range Theory

A

narrower focus, more concrete, targets specific practice questions

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6
Q

Metaparadigm of Nursing

A

Major components of Grand Nursing Theories:

  • -person
  • -health
  • -environment
  • -nursing
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7
Q

Nursing Theorists

A

Dorothea Orem
Martha Rogers
Sister Callista Roy
Jean Watson

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8
Q

Dorothea Orem

A

Self-Care Model:

  • -comprised of 3 different theories
  • -people have a need to maintain self-care and when unable, nursing can come in and assist
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9
Q

Martha Rogers

A

Unitary Human Being:
–a person is a unified energy field continually interacting with the environment and the nurse can balance the energy between the environment and man

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10
Q

Sister Callista Roy

A

Adaptation Model:
–people are an adaptive system adapting to behavior, nursing can assist person adapt and bring health back to full benefit

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11
Q

Jean Watson

A

Human Caring:

–caring is a universal-social care and the nursing provides caring through humanistic actions

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12
Q

Mid-Range Nursing Theories

A 
More testable than Grand Theory
Health promotion
Uncertainty
Quality of nursing care
Hardiness
Pain management
Family care-giving
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13
Q

Classifying the Sciences

A

Pure

Applied

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14
Q

Pure Science

A

Formal (mathematics, logic)
Natural (physics, chemistry, biology, physiology)
Psychosocial (psychology, sociology, economics)

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15
Q

Applied Sciences

A 
Engineering
Aeronautics
Medicine
Agriculture
Nursing
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16
Q

Nursing Science

A

A coherent body of knowledge composed of research findings and tested theories systematically developed for the discipline of nursing

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17
Q

Differentiating Science and Research

A

Science is a product (i.e.: a discrete body of knowledge)

Research is a process and the tool by which science is created

18
Q

Classifying Research

A

Pure Science Research
Applied Science Research
Translational Research

19
Q

Pure Science Research

A

Work done in the pursuit of new knowledge

No ideas in mind when starting research; may be testing existing theory or trying a new technique

20
Q

Applied Science Research

A

Creating new knowledge for a specific purpose

New inventions and new processes, medical research geared towards the development of new drugs, instrumentation

21
Q

Translational Research

A

Takes applied research findings to the healthcare setting

Gives us evidence-based practice nursing that is necessary to promote quality outcomes for patients

22
Q

Types of Research Methods

A

Quantitative

Qualitative

23
Q

Quantitative Research

A

A formal, objective, systematic process in which numerical data are used to obtain information about the world
–deals with numbers; data you can collect

24
Q

Qualitative Research

A

Systematic interactive, subjective approach to describe life experiences and give them meaning
–subjective experiences; what patient tells you (their feelings and descriptions)

25
Q

The Research Process - Conceptual Phase

A
  1. Defining and delimiting the problem
  2. Reviewing the literature
  3. Develop the theoretical framework
  4. Formulating the research hypothesis or question
26
Q

The Research Process - Design and Planning Phase

A
  1. Research design: experimental or non-experimental
  2. Identifying the population to be studied and sampling plan: how will you access the patients in your study?
  3. Specifying data collection methods: who, what, when, where, how; reliability and validity
  4. Funding and Permission: NINR under NIH provides research dollars for research; IRB
  5. Pilot Study: testing procedures, measures
27
Q

The Research Process - Empirical Phase

A
  1. Collecting the data: quality, accuracy, ethical issues

2. Preparing data for analysis: storage of data (confidentiality), coding, accuracy

28
Q

The Research Process - Analytic Phase

A
  1. Analyzing the data: statistical consultants
  2. Interpreting results: critical review of work, relating findings to theory, confirmation or rebuttal of existing literature; conclusions and implications for future research, education, and practice
29
Q

The Research Process - Dissemination Phase

A
  1. Communicating Findings: conferences, journals, books, media
  2. Utilizing findings: changing practice
30
Q

Translational Research Process

A
  1. Defining the question
  2. Collecting evidence to answer question
  3. Formal evaluation of evidence gathered
  4. Choosing a solution
  5. Integration of evidence into practice setting
  6. Evaluation of process
31
Q

Levels of Evidence

A

Levels 1-7

Research is a part of every professional registered nurse’s role

32
Q

Level 1

A

Ideas, editorials, letters, and opinion papers

33
Q

Level 2

A

case reports, case studies and reports of unusual happenings

34
Q

Level 3

A

information based on laboratory studies

35
Q

Level 4

A

information based on animal studies

36
Q

Level 5

A

small short studies involving human subjects (pilot studies)

37
Q

Level 6

A

studies involving human subjects with increasing levels of complexity, scope, and rigor (systematic research reviews, research-based protocols, and clinical practice guidelines)

38
Q

Level 7

A 
clinical trials (gold-standard)
Level 7 is the highest level!!
39
Q

What are the major components of grand nursing theories?

A

Person
Health
Environment
Nursing

40
Q

What phase of research involves collecting data and preparing data for analysis?

A

Empirical Phase

41
Q

What is part of every professional RN’s role?

A

Research

Nursing 2000H (11 decks)

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