Exam #2: Education Opportunities and Health Care System

Question 1

Diploma Programs

Answer 1

1st type of nursing school in US
Typically 3yrs or less
Receive a diploma, not an academic degree
Declining interest in diploma programs

Question 2

Associate degree programs

Answer 2

2 year degree
Developed in 1952 by Mildred Montag
Found in Jr. and community colleges
2 years to reach RN degree

Question 3

Concerns with associate degree program

Answer 3

practice not yet differentiated
AD nurses placed in inappropriate roles (management)
may need additional orientation

Question 4

Baccalaureate degree programs

Answer 4

broad scope of education
broad scope of nursing education
increased socialization
ANA: BSN is minimum preparation for professional nursing practice
4 year degree at college or university
accelerated option for 2nd degree students

Question 5

When and where was the 1st baccalaureate degree program established?

Answer 5

1909 at University of Minnesota

Question 6

Masters degree

Answer 6

average length 2 years
advanced practice (APN):
--clinical nurse specialist
--nurse practitioner
--nurse anesthetist
midwifery
research focused
thesis or cumulative project required

Question 7

Doctoral degree

Answer 7

PhD: most prestigious, expected to expand theory and create new nursing knowledge through research
DNP: clinical doctorate, focused on APN (CNS, NP, CNM, CRNA) or leadership with translational research

Question 8

When was the first doctoral degree program established? Where?

Answer 8

Columbia University in 1924

EdD (educational doctorate)

Question 9

Accreditation of Nursing Programs

Answer 9

ensures quality of program
approval from state board
accreditation:
--NLNAC
--CCNE

Question 10

What’s the purpose of continuing education?

Answer 10

keep abreast of changes in nursing
acquire new knowledge or skills
renew knowledge or skills
modify attitudes and understanding

Question 11

What is continuing education (CE)?

Answer 11

ongoing learning required to effectively deliver quality healthcare

Question 12

What are potential sources of CE?

Answer 12

formal courses
short-term courses
conferences and seminars
journal articles
internet

Question 13

How many states require CEU’s for RN/LPN relicensure? Does Missouri?

Answer 13

26 states

No, MO doesn’t

*Most states have CEU requirements for APN licensure

Question 14

Practical (Vocational) Nursing [aka LPN]

Answer 14

12-18 month program
–vocational tech school, community college, trade school
Emphasis: direct patient care, little theory
LNP practice has been expanded due to nursing shortage
–some roles beyond scope of intended practice [charge nurse, unsupervised direct care]

Question 15

Give examples of ambulatory care

Answer 15

physical office
nurse private practice
community health centers
birthing centers
hospice

Question 16

Health care team

Answer 16

200 health occupations
14.3 million healthcare workers
10% of total work force

Question 17

Chiropractors

Answer 17

treat structure and neuro problems

4 years of study

Question 18

Lab

Answer 18

analysis of blood, tissues, or fluids
medical techs: 4 year education
certified lab tech: 2 year education
Phlebotomist: draw blood, typically doesn’t require formal education

Question 19

Dentistry

Answer 19

treat oral diseases and disorders

3-4 years plus undergrad degree

Question 20

Nutrition

Answer 20

4 year degree

select diets, counseling, management

Question 21

Health services management

Answer 21

health admin
financial manager
information systems
materials management
human resources (HR)

Question 22

Medical records

Answer 22

4 year degree (registered record admin)

Question 23

Medicine

Answer 23

doctor of medicine (MD)

Doctor of Osteopathy (DO)

Question 24

Physician Assistant

Answer 24

education ranges from certificate to master’s degree

under direct supervision of physician

Question 25

Emergency Medical Care

Answer 25

emergency medical tech: 110 hour course

paramedic: 600-1000 hour program or 2 year degree

Question 26

Nursing support

Answer 26

surgical techs

unlicensed assistant personnel

Question 27

Pharmacy

Answer 27

6-8 year degree

Question 28

Podiatry

Answer 28

6-8 year education

Question 29

Psychology

Answer 29

master’s or doctoral degree (PhD)

may or may not have prescriptive privileges

Question 30

Psychiatrist

Answer 30

physician

Question 31

Radiology

Answer 31

people who interpret radiographic studies

Question 32

Rehab Services

Answer 32

OT: 6 year degree program
PT: doctorate
Prosthetist: artificial limbs
Orthotists: braces
Recreation therapists

Question 33

Resp. therapist

Answer 33

4 year degree

Question 34

Social work

Answer 34

master’s degree most common

Question 35

Speech

Answer 35

Speech-Language pathologist: treat speech and language disorders
Audiologist: treat hearing disorders

Question 36

Vision

Answer 36

Ophthalmologist: eye diseases, corrective lens, eye surgery
Optometrist: 7 year education, treats eye disorders w/ corrective lens and exercise
Optician: makes corrective lens, 2 year degree or on the job training

Question 37

Child life specialist

Answer 37

4 year degree
master’s available
prepare kids for medical test and procedures