Exam 3 - Sexual Offending Flashcards
What is rape defined as?
Penetration… of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, w/out the consent of the victim.
(Includes attempted rape)
What is date rape?
Forcible rape that involves romantic partners or acquaintances in a dating relationship.
What is forcible sodomy?
Oral or Anal sexual intercourse forcibly and/or against that person’s will
What is sexual assault with an object?
Use of an instrument/object to unlawfully penetrate the genital/anal opening of a victim.
What is forcible fondling?
Forcibly touching the private body parts of another person for the purpose of sexual gratification
What is incest?
Nonforcible sexual intercourse between persons who are related to each other w/in the degree that marriage is prohibited by law
What is voyeurism?
Achieving sexual gratification by illegally spying on others
What is exhibitionism?
Criminal exposure of genitals to unsuspecting people in public places
What is statutory rape?
“Carnal knowledge” of a person without force or the threat of force when that person is below the age of consent
T/F: Age of consent varies by jurisdiction across the US
True
What is Pedophilia?
Adults who have sexual desires for prepubescent children
What is grooming?
Attempts to manipulate or coerce someone into performing sexual acts for a proposed reward (child)
What is prostitution?
Any sexual exchange for money or other rewards
What is Sexual Trafficking?
Process whereby women/children are recruited, kidnapped, or sold/moved across national or international borders
What countries have the highest rates of sexual assault?
- Sweden
- Iceland
- Guyana
- El Salvador
- US
What nations have the lowest rates of sexual assault?
- Liechtenstein
- Egypt
- Mozambique
- Azerbaijan
- Armenia
______ has the highest rate of rapes in the US.
Alaska
Fewer than __% of rape/sexual assault victims notify the police.
23%
Highest rates of rape and sexual assault are reported by _____ women.
Black
The highest rates of rape and sexual assault are among persons between ages __ and __.
16 & 24
T/F: Male offenders commit roughly 99% of all officially recorded forcible rapes.
True
Approximately _% of male victims are assaulted by a woman alone.
7%
T/F: Approximately 6% of male victims are assaulted by a male and female offending together.
True
What role does the Victim-Offender Relationship play in sexual offending?
Sexual offenders and their victims are likely to have a prior relationship as family members, partners, or acquaintances.
Between the ages of 6 and 11: sexual offenses are most likely to occur where?
In a personal residence
Between the ages of 15 and 17, sexual offenses are most likely to occur where?
Outside
More than _ million children are estimated to be the victims of sexual abuse worldwide annually.
1 million
What percent of women in the US report having been the victim of rape in their lifetime?
18%
What are Groth’s three primary motivations for rape?
- Power
- Anger
- Sadism
Cohen described rapists as having either:
- Sexual aims
- Aggressive aims
- Sexual-aggression aims
What is the method behind Power/Aggression-motivated Sexual assault?
Motivated by the desire to assert masculinity/power. Done through seduction, crime, and force.
Anger/Retaliatory Typology of Sexual Assault
Acts out of anger; rape is the expression of it
Sexual/reassurance-motivated typology of sexual assault
Act out of a sense of social or sexual inadequacy.
May contact victims after offense
Sadistic typology of sexual assault
Offenders stimulated by the infliction of pain toward the victim
- Sometimes includes recording as “souvenir”
T/F: College women between the ages of 18 and 24 have the highest rate of sexual assault and rape.
True
_ out of 10 victimized women know the offender who victimized them.
8
According to the UCR, there are more than __ thousand prostitute-related arrests made yearly.
61,000
What age range is greatest for prostitute arrests?
25-40
What are Call girls/Escorts?
- High-status sex workers
- Serve wealthy clients
What are Escort Agency Workers?
- Workers employed by an escort agency, acting as the intermediary.
- Tend to be highly compensated
What are Brothel Employees?
Work in specific houses that may provide massages, saunas, or other services to the clients.
What are Window Workers?
More low-paid sex workers who sit in windows/houses along city streets to attract potential clients
What are bar girls/casino workers?
Solicit clients in public bars, often posed as a patron
- lower economic reward
What are “Streetwalkers”?
- Work mainly in large, urban areas with generally established territories.
- Most dangerous, least well paid
Conflict perspective in relation to different forms of sex work.
Two conflicting perspectives:
1. Power (motivated by the offender’s need to exert power, control, and dominance over the victim)
2. Desire (driven by sexual desire)
What is aggressive sexual solicitation?
Soliciting actual offline contact through the phone or in person
What is sextortion?
Incidents where offenders threaten to expose sexual images in order to coerce victims to provide additional pictures, sex, or other favors
T/F: Older youth are at greater risk of sextortion.
True
What are the long-term behavioral consequences of childhood sexual victimization?
- Acting out
- Increased rates of psychiatric disorders
- More likely to suffer from emotional instability, depression, and aggression.1
Culture Conflict theory relating to rape.
Rape and sexual assault occur because the conduct norms of one group clash with another
Feminist theory relating to sexual assault and rape.
Patriarchy teaches men that violence is an acceptable means to socially control women and maintain power and control over them.
Rape has nothing to do with sex, prostitution is a consequence of men sexually exploiting women.
