Exam 3 - Illicit Drug Use Flashcards
What is a drug?
Any chemical substance that can enter the body and cause recognizable physical or psychological effects.
When a drug does not have __________ value it may be defined as illegal.
Therapeutic Value
What is a drug’s legality contingent on?
- Social perception of how much it impedes abilities
- Perception of prompting threatening behavior
- Lack of therapeutic value
What is addiction?
Physiological dependence on a substance
What does the National Institute on Drug Abuse define addiction as?
Chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences.
What is withdrawal?
Pronounced distress experienced when a substance is unavailable to an addict.
What are the two processes of addiction?
Dependence & Tolerance
What is Tolerance in reference to drug use?
- Need for increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication
OR - Diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance
T/F: Cannabis is the most used drug worldwide.
True
How many people are estimated to use cannabis globally?
192.2 million
Cannabis is most widely used where?
- West & Central Africa (13.2% of pop)
- North America (12.9%)
- Oceania (11.0%)
There are an estimated __._ million opioid users worldwide, accounting for . % of the population.
34.3 million
0.7%
Opioid Use is highest in ____________.
North America. (4.2% of Pop)
There is approximately ____ million amphetamine users worldwide.
34.2
Amphetamine use is most prevalent in _____________.
North America (2.0% of Pop)
Roughly __._ million people in the US use illicit drugs.
24.6
T/F: Marijuana is the most used drug in the United States.
True
What are some of the most commonly used drugs in the United States?
- Marijuana
- Pain relievers
- Stimulants
- Cocaine
- Hallucinogens
- Methamphetamine
T/F: There are three distinct waves of drug overdose deaths in the US
True
What caused the first wave of drug overdose deaths (Late 1990s)?
Misinformation given to medical doctors claiming opioids were non-addictive and could be safely prescribed for pain management.
What caused the second wave of drug overdose deaths (2010)?
Surging and widespread use of heroin
What caused the third wave of drug overdose deaths (2013)?
Synthetic opioids such as fentanyl began being used in combination with heroin and other drugs.
_ in 10 heroin users began by abusing prescription opioids.
8
T/F: College students are more prone to the use of illicit drugs than non-student peers.
False
What are the two substances that college students are more prone to use than non-student peers?
Marijuana
Amphetamines (esp. Adderall)
Cultural integration theory in relation to alcohol/illicit drug use
When institutionalized means do not lead to approved goals, some reject both goals and means.
To avoid the associated stress, some may retreat into alcohol/drug abuse.
What is the Seduction/Thrill Seeking theory of substance abuse?
Individuals are attracted to illicit drug use because it is a risk-taking behavior, providing adrenaline “rush” or “high”
What is social learning theory in relation to illicit drug use?
Definitions of substance use as justifiable, desirable, and pleasurable are learned in group interaction.
Reward of drug use reinforce + exceed possible negative sanctions.
What are Becker’s three stages of becoming a marijuana user?
- Learning the technique
- Learning to perceive the efforts
- Learning to enjoy the effects.
What is the age range of peak drug use?
18-25
How many drug overdoses have their been since 1999?
630,000+
