Exam 3 Review Flashcards
Who is Alexander Fleming and what is his contribution to antibiotics
He discovered penicillin
What is the genus names of the bacteria that are the most common sources of antibiotics?
Streptomyces and Bacillus
What is the genus names of the fungi that are the most common sources of antibiotics?
Penicillium and Cephalosporium
Penicillin:
What is it’s mode of action?
How does it work?
- Targets the cell wall.
- Resistant microbes produce beta lactase that break the central ring of the penicillin molecule.
Clavulanic Acid:
What is it’s mode of action?
How does it work?
- Targets the cell wall.
- Inhibits beta lactase enzymes
Cephalosporins:
What is it’s mode of action?
How does it work?
-Targets the cell wall
-Can be affected by beta lactase producing microbes.
(good for people allergic to penicillin)
Carbepenems:
What is it’s mode of action?
How does it work?
-Targets the cell wall.
-Resistant to beta lactamase enzymes.
(good for people allergic to penicillin)
Bacitracin:
What is it’s mode of action?
How does it work?
- Targets the cell wall.
- used topically against staph and step.
Vancomycin:
What is it’s mode of action?
How does it work?
- Targets the cell wall.
- used for multidrug resistant staph or strep infections.
Isoniazid:
What is it’s mode of action?
How does it work?
- Targets the cell wall.
- inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acid. used in combination therapy to treat tuberculosis and leprosy.
Ethambutol:
What is it’s mode of action?
How does it work?
- Targets the cell wall.
- prevents the incorporation of mycolic acid in the cell wall. used in combination with isoniazid.
Streptomycin:
What is it’s mode of action?
How does it work?
- Targets 70S ribosomes (protein synthesis)
- first drug to treat gram-negative infection.
- can cause nephrotoxicity & ototoxicity
Neomycin:
What is it’s mode of action?
How does it work?
- Targets 70S ribosomes (protein synthesis)
- treats gram negative infection
- is nephrotoxic so is usually used topically.
Tetracycline:
What is it’s mode of action?
How does it work?
- Targets 70S ribosomes (protein synthesis)
- can cause stains on teeth
- causes super infections.
Erythromycin:
What is it’s mode of action?
How does it work?
- Targets 70S ribosomes (protein synthesis)
- used for respiratory, ear and skin infections.
(z pack, and good for people allergic to penicillin)
Clindamycin:
What is it’s mode of action?
How does it work?
- Targets 70S ribosomes (protein synthesis)
- good for anaerobic infections.
- used to treat drug resistant staph and stomach and intestinal infections that do not respond to other medications.
Sulfonamides:
What is it’s mode of action?
How does it work?
-Targets microbial metabolism
-Inhibits the synthesis of folic acid
(we don’t make our own folic acid, we get it from food)
(used to treat UTI’s)
Fluoroquinolones:
What is it’s mode of action?
How does it work?
- Targets DNA or RNA
- Inhibits bacterial topoisomerase or helicases (inhibits DNA synthesis)
(used for:anthrax,kidney infections,pnemonia)
Rifamycin:
What is it’s mode of action?
How does it work?
- Targets DNA or RNA
- Inhibits RNA synthesis
(used for: tuberculosis, meningitis)
Polymyxin B:
What is it’s mode of action?
How does it work?
-Targets the Plasma Membrane
-Interacts with phospholipids and distorts the plasma membrane, making it leaky.
(normally used topically, and can be used for pseudomonas)
Problem with treating fungal infections is that they are?
eukaryotic cells.
- injectable drug
- used for fungal infections
Amphotericin B
Name the drug:
used for systemic fungal infection
Ketoconazole
Name the drug:
used for AIDS related mycoses (fungal)
Fluconazole